Table 1.
Characteristics of patients who needed large occluders (≥16 mm).
| CHARACTERISTIC | N = 36 |
|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 16.6 ± 12.5 |
| Female, n (%) | 19 (52.77%) |
| Weight (kg), mean ± SD | 39.62 ± 16.7 |
| Mean PA pressure at baseline (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 51.88 ± 24.28 |
| Mean PA pressure after balloon/device occlusion (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 27.2 ± 16.2 |
| PA systolic pressure/aortic systolic pressure ratio at baseline | 0.6 ± 0.2 |
| PA systolic pressure/aortic systolic pressure ratio after balloon/device occlusion | 0.31 ± 0.12 |
| Size of PDA (mm), median (range) | 14 (12–20) |
| PDA anatomy | |
| Type A | 23 |
| Type B | 2 |
| Type C | 11 |
| Type D | 0 |
| Type E | 0 |
| Devices used | |
| Cocoon duct occluder, n | 20 |
| Cera duct occluder, n | 13 |
| Cera MVSDO, n | 2 |
| Amplatzer septal occluder, n | 1 |
| Device sizes used | |
| 18/16 mm, n | 13 |
| 20/18 mm, n | 14 |
| 24/22 mm, n | 1 |
| 24 mm (ASO), n | 1 |
| 24 mm (Cera MVSDO), n | 2 |
| 30/28 mm, n | 5 |
| Procedural complications | |
| Death, n | 0 |
| Device embolization, n | 0 |
| Partial obstruction of PA, n | 1 |
| Aortic obstruction, na | 1 |
| Hemolysis due to residual shunt, n | 1 |
ASO = Amplatzer atrial septal occluder; PA= pulmonary artery; MVSDO = muscular ventricular septal defect occluder; PDA= patent ductus arteriosus.
Types of PDA were in accordance with Krichenko et al.15
a
Aortic obstruction was managed by removal of unreleased device and using a smaller device.