Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants according to the four menopausal status groups
| Participant characteristics |
Pre n = 235 |
EarlyPeri n = 180 |
LatePeri n = 193 |
Post n = 289 |
P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year | 50.6 (1.6) | 50.7 (1.8) | 51.7 (1.9) | 52.6 (1.9) | <0.001 |
| E2 (nmol/L) | 0.627 (0.667) | 0.403 (0.318) | 0.262 (0.186) | 0.144 (0.100) | <0.001 |
| FSH (UI/L) | 7.9 (3.5) | 16.8 (4.8) | 45.1 (20.1) | 82.4 (28.4) | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 70.0 (10.0) | 70.5 (11.3) | 70.7 (11.0) | 68.5 (11.1) | 0.13 |
| Height, cm | 166 (5.3) | 165 (5.5) | 165 (6.0) | 165 (6.0) | 0.23 |
| BMI | 25 (3) | 26 (4) | 26 (4) | 25 (4) | 0.11 |
| Fat mass, kg | 24.4 (8.0) | 25.3 (8.7) | 26.3 (8.6) | 24.4 (8.5) | 0.06 |
| Grip force, N | 323.4 (60.6) | 323.4 (61.3) | 312.3 (61.2) | 298.9 (54.2) | <0.001 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.11a | ||||
| Primary | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.7) | 5 (3) | 8 (3) | |
| Secondary | 128 (55) | 99 (55) | 96 (50) | 179 (62) | |
| Bachelor | 27 (12) | 24 (13) | 26 (14) | 41 (14) | |
| Master | 64 (27) | 43 (24) | 54 (28) | 49 (17) | |
| Doctoral | 14 (6) | 10 (6) | 11 (6) | 11 (4) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.83a | ||||
| Never | 156 (67) | 122 (68) | 123 (64) | 194 (67) | |
| Former | 63 (27) | 45 (25) | 49 (26) | 73 (25) | |
| Current | 14 (6) | 12 (7) | 19 (10) | 21 (7) | |
| Hormonal contraception, n (%) | <0.001a | ||||
| Never | 90 (39) | 94 (53) | 110 (57) | 160 (56) | |
| Former | 36 (15) | 27 (15) | 28 (15) | 54 (19) | |
| Currentb | 108 (46) | 58 (32) | 54 (28) | 74 (26) | |
| Musculoskeletal problem, n (%) | 78 (33) | 63 (35) | 77 (40) | 99 (34) | 0.49a |
| Previous bone fracture, n (%) | 37 (16) | 25 (14) | 34 (18) | 43 (15) | 0.77a |
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.51a | ||||
| Sedentary | 21 (9) | 24 (13) | 16 (8) | 35 (12) | |
| Low | 68 (29) | 50 (28) | 54 (28) | 78 (27) | |
| Moderate | 90 (39) | 70 (39) | 90 (47) | 118 (41) | |
| High | 55 (24) | 35 (20) | 32 (17) | 57 (20) |
Mean and (standard deviation) for the continuous variables and number of participants (n) and percentages (%) for the categorical variables.
BMI, body mass index; E2, 17β‐estradiol; FSH, follicle‐stimulating hormone.
a
χ2 test.
b
95% used intrauterine device and 5% minipills.