Figure 2.

Divergent Habenular Neuronal Dynamics Underlying Threat-Driven Behaviors

(A) Top: schematic of the experiment. Bottom left: representative brain coronal section showing GCamp6f transduction and the fiber implantation track in the LHb. Bottom right: representative Ca²⁺ traces during runaway (red, top) and action-locking (blue, bottom) trials (looming, gray bar).

(B) Time course of averaged traces and boxplots reporting respectively Z score (runaway = 56 trials, F_3,850 = 40.5, ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001; action-locking = 23 trials, F_1,540 = 3.122, ^∗p = 0.033; repeated measures (RM) 1-way ANOVA) and area under the curve (runaway versus action-locking, 26.14 ± 6.56 versus 3.05 ± 5.0; t₇₇ = 2.10, ^∗p = 0.039, unpaired t test) for single trials aligned to the behavioral onset.

(C) Top: schematic of the experiment. Bottom: representative brain coronal section showing Jaws transduction in LHb and fiber placement above it.

(D) Representative speed traces in a GFP-injected (top) and a Jaws-injected mouse (bottom) in a runaway and a no-reaction response trial, respectively. Looming exposure was paired with LHb inhibition (638 nm, 5 s, 8 mW). At right, the bar graph reports the strategy probability to the looming in the 2 groups (GFP versus Jaws, n_mice = 3 versus 3, n_trials = 45 versus 45; runaway: 30 versus 10; action-locking: 12 versus 8; no response: 3 versus 27; X²₂ = 30; ^∗∗∗p < 0.0001, chi-square test).

Data are presented with boxplots (median and 10th–90th quartile) or means ± SEMs.

See also Figures S2 and S3.