Table 2.

Main themes and subthemes extracted from experts’ perspectives on the applicability of public-private partnership policy in prevention of road traffic injuries.

Main themes	Subordinate themes
PPP application background	1.High intensity and extent of traffic accident problem
	2.Pitfalls and problems of public sector to prevent and decrease RTIs
	3.Existence of private sector which is empowered and interested in participation
	4.Existence of committed and interested NGOs
	5.Successful global experiences on PPP in different fields
The area for applying PPP policy	1.Construction of roads, highways, and freeways
	2.Safety provision and maintenance of roads, highways, and freeways
	3.Providing and maintaining cars safety
	4.Providing and maintaining safety tools (CCTV camera, warning signs, etc.)
	5.Public education
	6.Designing and implementing practical researches
	7.Designing and implementing of social oriented interventions
	8.Providing pre-hospital services to RTIs victims
	9.Participating in control and monitor of drivers
	10.Evaluating drivers' health (especially professional and elderly drivers)
Challenges and problems of PPP application	1.Legislation issues
	2.Ambiguous collaboration mechanisms
	3.Public culture (People's attitude that RTIs prevention are government-centered and public sector should provide these services)
	4.Changing policies with changing authorities Lack of government found
	5.Structural problems
	6.Lack of experienced and professionals experts in the field of RTIs
Advantages of PPP application	1.Avoiding uncompleted projects and higher efficiency in administration of plans
	2.Covering public sector’ pitfalls by private sector
	3.Effective and efficient management
Practical strategy and necessary infrastructure for successful PPP application	1.Identification and prioritization of possible fields for participating with private sector
	2.Identification of efficient and qualified private sector
	3.Coordination and unification of PPP policies in public sector
	4.Creating a common language between public and private sector
	5.Designing a legal framework for PPP
	6.Public sector's commitment and effort to provide least expected benefits of private sector
	7.Utilizing NGOs in the subjects with high social acceptability
	8.Designing and administering a proper tender program
	9.Developing a comprehensive and sound contract
	10.Full explanation of the subject to private sector and gaining their support
	11.The use of start-up institutes
	12.Cultivating public culture to accept private sector in the field of RTIs

PPP: Public-private partnership, RTIs: Road traffic injuries, NGOs: Non-government organizations, CCTV: Closed circuit television.