Table 5. Representative Studies on PV+EC CO2 Conversion.
| light absorber | anode | cathode | illumination conditions | electrolyte | products | operation point | FE (%) | SFE (%) | maximum test time (h) | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GaInP/GaInAs/Ge | CuO/SnO2 | CuO/SnO2 | 1 Sun | Anolyte: CsOH, Catholyte: CsHCO3 | CO | 2.38 V, – 0.55 V vs RHE, 11.6 mA cm–2 | 81 | 14.4 | 5 | (111) |
| GaInP/GaInAs/Ge | Sr2GaCoO5 | Ag | 1 Sun | NaNO3 | CO | 2.26 V, 3.54 mA cm–2 | 85–89 | 15.6 | 19 | (112) |
| Triple-junction GaAs (InGaP/GaAs/Ge) solar cell | Zn | Au | 1 Sun | Anolyte: KOH with zinc acetate, catholyte: KHCO3 | CO | 1.96 V, 10 mA cm–2 | ∼92 | ∼16.9 | 24 | (113) |
| GaInP/GaInAs/Ge | Ni or Pt | Ag/GDE | 1 Sun | Anolyte: KOH; Catholyte: KOH | CO | 2.23 V, – 0.6 V vs RHE, 14.4mA cm–2 | ∼100 | 19.1 | 150 | (114) |