Table 1.
Summary of 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses comparing paired swabs and tissue biopsies from 20 diabetic foot ulcerss
| Parameter | Swabs Means (±s.d.) |
Tissue Means (±s.d.) |
w/t value1 | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of reads a | 32,014(±16,068) | 15,256(±16,699) | − 162 | 0.001* |
| dAbundance b | 564.7(±566.9) | 266.5(±535.5) | − 108 | 0.03* |
| 16S/18S ratio | 0.201(±0.35) | 1.06(±1.08) | 150 | 0.004* |
| Bacterial richnessc | 25.1 (±8.2) | 38(±11.7) | 4.423 | 0.0003* |
| Shannon’s diversity | 1.8(±0.58) | 2.4(±0.78) | 2.921 | 0.009* |
| dStaphylococcus spp. | 49.3(±58.2) | 14.4(±19.3) | − 158 | < 0.001* |
| dStreptococcus spp. | 32.6(±39.3) | 12.9(±37.9) | − 131 | 0.003* |
| dEnterococcus spp. | 7.3 (±8.0) | 9.2(±22.4) | − 57 | 0.224 |
| dCorynebacterium spp. | 42.9(±35.8) | 18.3 (±20.0) | − 128 | 0.015* |
| dEnterobacteriaceae | 49.3 (±49.1) | 24.7(±35.5) | − 120 | 0.024* |
| dPseudomonas spp. | 11.8(±26.9) | 16.6(±38.5) | 8 | 0.776 |
| dAnaerococcus spp. | 39.1(±35.9) | 17(±26.1) | − 132 | 0.012* |
| dFinegoldia spp. | 20.8(±15.6) | 17.8(±22.4) | −32 | 0.535 |
1 As most of the data analysed was nonparametric, Wilcoxin signed rank tests were used except for bacterial richness and Shannon’s diversity data which were subject to paired t-test analyses
a reads in filtered OTU table (> 0.05%)
b no. of copies of 16S rRNA gene/μl
c Bacterial richness rarefied to 1500 reads
d square root transformed data
* Significant results (p < 0.05)