Table 1.
Physical properties of the particles and concentrations of gaseous emissions in spruce and pine combustion aerosols following 4 h of exposure and Tox-ALI
| Spruce | Pine | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| parameter | Unit | 4 h average | Tox-ALI | 4 h average | Tox-ALI |
| NO | ppm | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.7 ± 0.7 |
| NO2 | ppm | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.2 ± 0.5 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.2 ± 0.7 |
| THC | ppm | 12.3 ± 28.2 | 16.1 ± 27.8 | 9.3 ± 18.8 | 9.4 ± 23.8 |
| CO | ppm | 122 ± 141 | 142 ± 149 | 84 ± 94 | 67 ± 88 |
| CO2 | ppm | 4500 ± 1700 | 4600 ± 1900 | 4300 ± 1400 | 4300 ± 1300 |
| PM1 mass (SMPS) | mg m− 3 | 4.3 ± 5.1 | 4.9 ± 6.0 | 6.2 ± 5.1 | 7.7 ± 6.5 |
| TSP mass (TEOM) | mg m− 3 | 6.0 ± 7.8 | 7.4 ± 9.1 | 9.6 ± 7.6 | 12.3 ± 10.2 |
| PNC (SMPS) | 1 × 106 cm− 3 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.5 |
| PNC (ELPI) | 1 × 106 cm− 3 | 2.7 ± 3.8 | 3.2 ± 3.5 | 2.9 ± 2.2 | 3.1 ± 2.1 |
| LDSA (NSAM) | 1 × 106 μm2 cm− 3 | 16.9 ± 18.1 | 20.5 ± 22.7 | 21.7 ± 15.6 | 24.8 ± 17.9 |
| MMD (SMPS) | nm | 304 ± 167 | 322 ± 168 | 365 ± 146 | 414 ± 102 |
| GMD (SMPS) | nm | 91 ± 29.2 | 94.3 ± 32.3 | 110 ± 32.7 | 120 ± 27.9 |
| OC | μg m− 3 | 570 ± 160* | 2100 ± 320 | 790 ± 340 | 850 ± 80* |
| EC | μg m− 3 | 4100 ± 1300* | 4500 ± 1200 | 7900 ± 1500 | 6600 ± 3700* |
| OC/EC | 0.14 ± 0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.05 | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.12* | |
| ECF | m3 of exposure aerosol /MJ fuel energy | 11.0 ± 1.2 | 11.0 ± 1.4 | 11.3 ± 0.2 | 11.4 ± 0.3 |
THC total hydrocarbon, PM1 particulate matter < 1 μm, TSP total suspended particles, PNC particle number concentration, LDSA lung deposited surface area, MMD mass median mobility diameter, GMD geometric mean mobility diameter, OC organic carbon, EC element carbon, ECF approximate emission conversion factor.
The values shown are calculated as averages from three test cycles ± standard deviation. Note that standard deviations have been calculated on the online data. Approximate emission conversion factor (mean of experiment-wise averages ± standard error of the mean) enables conversion to correspond emission factor. *Denotes only 2 days of measurements