Table 4.
Associations of maternal pre‐pregnancy weight status with human milk composition near 2 weeks postpartum
| Milk Composition Component | Pre‐pregnancy weight status | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NW (mean ± SD) | OW/OB (mean ± SD) | ||
| Macronutrients | n = 15 | n = 15 | |
| Protein (g/100 ml) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | .89 |
| Carbohydrate (g/100 ml) | 7.0 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 0.5 | .24 |
| Fat (g/100 ml) | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | .43 |
| Lipids | n = 16 | n = 16 | |
| Factor 1 | −0.23 ± 1.00 | 0.23 ± 0.98 | .18 |
| Factor 2 | −0.41 ± 0.87 | 0.41 ± 0.97 | .01 |
| Factor 3 | −0.22 ± 0.72 | 0.22 ± 1.20 | .19 |
| Factor 4 | 0.18 ± 1.34 | −0.18 ± 0.46 | .29 |
| Factor 5 | 0.14 ± 0.93 | −0.14 ± 1.08 | .41 |
| N6:N3 LC‐PUFA ratio | 12.8 ± 3.0 | 13.0 ± 3.1 | .88 |
| Metabolic components | n = 16 | n = 13 | |
| Insulin (mU/L) | 14.5 ± 15.7 | 29.5 ± 21.3 | .02 |
Note. Data presented as mean ± standard deviation. Bolded font indicates statistical significance at p < .05 based on linear regression models.
Abbreviations: N6:N3 LC‐PUFA, N6:N3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; NW, mothers with normal weight; OW/OB, mothers with overweight or obesity.