Table 2.
Intakes of food groups included in Canada's Food Guide and scores of the Canadian adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index in mothers of preschool‐ and school‐aged children randomised in the control group (n = 42) and the intervention group exposed to an evidence‐informed healthy eating blog (n = 42) at baseline, during (3 months), after the 6‐month dietary intervention (6 months), and 6 months post‐intervention (12 months)
| Control group | BLOG group | Difference BLOG vs. control | Time effect | Group × time interaction | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Adjusted means | SE | 95% CI | p value | p value | |
| Vegetables and fruit (servings per day) | .097 | .031 | |||||||
| Baseline | 4.7 | 1.7 | 4.9 | 2.4 | |||||
| 3 months | 4.6 | 2.2 | 5.7 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.5 | [−0.5, 2.3] | ||
| 6 months | 5.1 | 1.9 | 6.1c | 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 | [−0.7, 2.3] | ||
| 12 months | 5.3 | 2.1 | 4.6c | 2.2 | −0.5 | 0.5 | [−2.1, 1.0] | ||
| Vegetables and fruit, excluding fruit juice (servings per day) | .359 | .017 | |||||||
| Baseline | 4.1 | 1.7 | 4.2 | 2.3 | |||||
| 3 months | 4.2 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | [−0.6, 2.1] | ||
| 6 months | 4.3 | 1.8 | 5.5d | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | [−0.5, 2.3] | ||
| 12 months | 4.8 | 2.1 | 4.2d | 2.0 | −0.5 | 0.5 | [−2.0, 0.9] | ||
| Vegetables (servings per day) | .129 | .013 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2.7 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 1.7 | |||||
| 3 months | 3.0 | 1.6 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | [−0.9, 1.0] | ||
| 6 months | 3.1 | 1.4 | 4.0e | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | [−0.3, 1.7] | ||
| 12 months | 3.4 | 1.2 | 2.9e | 1.4 | −0.5 | 0.4 | [−1.6, 0.5] | ||
| Fruits (servings per day) | .259 | .020 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2.0 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.4 | |||||
| 3 months | 1.6 | 1.2 | 2.5f | 1.6 | 0.9g | 0.3 | [0.1, 1.8] | ||
| 6 months | 2.0 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | [−0.7, 1.1] | ||
| 12 months | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.8f | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | [−1.0, 0.9] | ||
| Whole fruits (servings per day) | .218 | .070 | |||||||
| Baseline | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.0 | |||||
| 3 months | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | [0.1, 1.5] | ||
| 6 months | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.3 | [−0.4, 1.0] | ||
| 12 months | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | [−0.8, 0.8] | ||
| Fruit juice (servings per day)a | .419 | .568 | |||||||
| Baseline | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 | |||||
| 3 months | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | [−0.2, 0.6] | ||
| 6 months | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.8 | −0.1 | 0.2 | [−0.6, 0.5] | ||
| 12 months | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 | [−0.4, 0.5] | ||
| Grain products (servings per day) | .006 | .257 | |||||||
| Baseline | 5.4 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 2.4 | |||||
| 3 months | 5.1 | 2.0 | 5.1 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0.4 | [−1.0, 1.1] | ||
| 6 months | 4.9 | 1.8 | 4.1 | 1.9 | −0.6 | 0.4 | [−1.8, 0.5] | ||
| 12 months | 4.9 | 1.9 | 5.1 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | [−1.2, 1.2] | ||
| Whole grain products (servings per day)a | .470 | .409 | |||||||
| Baseline | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | |||||
| 3 months | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | [−0.6, 1.0] | ||
| 6 months | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | −0.4 | 0.3 | [−1.3, 0.5] | ||
| 12 months | 1.4 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.9 | −0.1 | 0.3 | [−1.1, 0.8] | ||
| Milk and alternatives (servings per day)b | .787 | .042 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2.4 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 1.2 | |||||
| 3 months | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | [−0.5, 0.8] | ||
| 6 months | 2.0 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 0.2 | [−0.2, 1.2] | ||
| 12 months | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 1.3 | −0.2 | 0.3 | [−1.0, 0.5] | ||
| Meat and alternatives (servings per day) | .156 | .142 | |||||||
| Baseline | 2.3 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| 3 months | 2.1 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | [−0.5, 0.7] | ||
| 6 months | 2.2 | 0.9 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 | [−0.3, 0.8] | ||
| 12 months | 1.9 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | [0.0, 0.9] | ||
| C‐HEI score | .303 | .718 | |||||||
| Baseline | 61.0 | 10.6 | 57.6 | 14.5 | |||||
| 3 months | 62.0 | 14.6 | 63.8 | 13.9 | 3.6 | 3.1 | [−5.3, 12.5] | ||
| 6 months | 60.7 | 11.8 | 61.4 | 12.1 | 0.9 | 3.3 | [−8.6, 10.4] | ||
| 12 months | 60.3 | 13.1 | 61.5 | 14.3 | 1.0 | 3.4 | [−8.8, 10.8] | ||
Note. At baseline, n = 38 in the control group and n = 41 in the BLOG group due to missing data for dietary variables; at 3 months, n = 36 in the control group and n = 34 in the BLOG group due to missing data for dietary variables; at 6 months, n = 31 in the control group and n = 29 in the BLOG group due to missing data for dietary variables; and at 12 months, n = 28 in the control group and n = 27 in the BLOG group due to missing values for dietary variables. p values for time and group by time effects were tested against the null hypothesis of no difference between groups in adjusted mixed models. All mixed models were adjusted for baseline value of the outcome variable. In addition, adjustment for potential covariates (total energy intake, maternal age, education, family annual income, ethnicity, body weight, the number of children in their charge, the age of the child, and the body mass index z score of the child) was considered only for covariates with p < .05 in mixed models.
Abbreviations: C‐HEI, Canadian adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error.
Log‐transformed data.
Foods included in the milk and alternatives category include milk (evaporated, powered, skim, 1%, 2%, whole, chocolate, goat), fortified soy beverages, yogurt and yogurt drinks, cheese, buttermilk, kefir, paneer, and pudding/custard (made with milk).
Within‐group difference between 6 months and the 12‐month follow‐up with p < .05 (adjusted mean difference at 12 months, −1.2 serving per day; 95% CI [−0.1, −2.3]).
Within‐group difference between 6 months and the 12‐month follow‐up with p < .05 (adjusted mean difference at 12 months, −1.1 serving per day; 95% CI [−0.04, −2.2]).
Within‐group difference between 6 months and the 12‐month follow‐up with p < .05 (adjusted mean difference at 12 months, −1.0 serving per day; 95% CI [−0.1, −1.9]).
Within‐group difference between 3 months and the 12‐month follow‐up with p < .05 (adjusted mean difference at 12 months, −0.8 serving per day; 95% CI [−0.03, −1.5]).
Between‐group difference with p < .05.