Table 3.

Breastfeeding initiation rates

Study reference	Number of participants	BF initiation (%)
Castaldo et al., 2017	23	100
de Hoog et al., 2011	232	92.2
Fabiyi et al., 2016	20	100
Grewal et al., 2016	107	93a
Griffiths et al., 2005	358	95
Hufton and Raven, 2016	13b	100
Jones & Belsey, 1977	14	86
Kolanen et al., 2016	11	100
Meftuh et al., 1991	45	100
Merewood et al., 2007	32	100
Neault et al., 2007	1078	88
Nolan et al, 2015c	240	84d 84.3e
Parker et al., 2017	42	96.9
Rio et al., 2011	2105	90
Twamley et al., 2011	2	100
Wandel et al., 2016	22	100
Kelly et al., 2006, f	321	8.1 (4.4–14.7)g13.6 (7.8–23.7)h 10.5(6.1–18.2)i

Abbreviation: BF, breastfeeding.

^aWithin 24 hr.

^bOnly human immunodeficiency virus‐negative mothers reported and one mother was still pregnant.

^cTwo cohorts studied.

^dCohort 1 (C1) = an infant cohort of 9‐month‐old children.

^eCohort 2 (C2) = a chid cohort of 9‐year‐old children.

^fNot included in aggregate percentage calculation.

^gCrude odds ratio (OR).

^hOR adjusted for gender of baby, parity, age of mother, housing tenure, household income, mother's education, mother's occupational social class, smoking status, mother's employment status, one or two parent household, and child care arrangements,

ⁱOR further adjusted for language spoken at home.