Table 4.
Breastfeeding rates in percentages according to type of feeding practices between 1 week and 6 months after birth
| Study reference | No. | BF at hospital discharge or week 1 (%) | Breastfeeding at 1 month (%) | Breastfeeding at 2 months (%) | Breastfeeding at 3 months (%) | Breastfeeding at 4 months (16–17 weeks) (%) | Breastfeeding at 5–6 months (%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EBF | PBF | MF | Any BF | No BF | EBF | PBF | MF | Any BF | No BF | EBF | PBF | MF | Any BF | No BF | EBF | PBF | MF | Any BF | No BF | EBF | PBF | MF | Any BF | No BF | EBF | PBF | MF | Any BF | No BF | ||
| Brick & Nolan, 2014 |
83.8a 0.45 (0.025)b |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bulk‐Bunschoten et al., 2008 | 135 | 80.0 | 90.0 | <20.0 | <40.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Busck‐Rasmussen et al., 2014 | 292 | 49.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Castaldo et al., 2017 | 23 | 61.0 | 43.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| De Hoog et al, 2011 | 232 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 11.9 | 37.8 | 32.7 | 58.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Farchi et al., 2016 | 111 | 70.3 | 3.60 | 26.1 | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fawzi et al., 1997 | 351 | 30.0 | 34.0 | 36.0 | 21.0 | 18.0 | 62.0 | 17.0 | 6.0 | 77.0 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Goel et al., 1978 | 99 | 79.2 | 20.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Grewal et al., 2016 | 107 | 37.0 | 44.0 | 97.0 | 21.0 | 7.0 | 67.0 | 0 | 79.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Griffiths et al., 2007 | 334 | 38 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hufton et al, 2016 | 13c | 38.5 | 7.7 | 30.8 | 15.4 | 38.5 | 7.7 | 30.8 | 15.4 | 38.5 | 0 | 30.8 | 23.1 | 30.8 | 0 | 38.5 | 23.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ingram et al., 2008 | 5 | 60.0 | 40.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kelly et al., 2006 | 321 | 24.0 | 5.3 (3.3–8.7)d 7.4 (4.2–13.2)e 6.0 (3.3–10.8)f | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kolanen et al., 2016 | 11 | 9.10 | 90.9 | 9.0 | 72.7 | 18.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Merewood et al., 2007 | 32 | 72.7 | 27.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parker et al., 2017 | 42 | 35.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rubin et al., 2010 | 93 | 76.3 | 18.3 | 5.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Treuherz et al., 1982 | 191 | 48.7 | 33.0 | 18.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Twamley et al., 2011 | 2 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Abbreviations: BF, breastfeeding; EBF, exclusive breastfeeding; MF, mixed feeding; PBF, predominant breastfeeding.
Average percentage over 7 years.
Marginal effect (standard Error) of breastfeeding if African compared with Irish‐born mothers.
Only human immunodeficiency virus‐negative mothers reported and one mother was still pregnant.
Crude odds ratio (OR) of breastfeeding if African compared with “White” mothers.
OR adjusted for gender of baby, parity, age of mother, housing tenure, household income, mother's education, mother's occupational social class, smoking status, mother's employment status, one or two parent household, and child care arrangements.
OR further adjusted for language spoken at home.