Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
| Characteristic | TBI (n = 71) | TBI focal lesion (n = 51) | TBI DAI (n = 20) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 40.9 (15.6) [12–70] | 40.7 (16.5) [12–70] | 41.7 (13.3) [21–63] |
| Male sex | 48 (68%) | 34 (67%) | 14 (70%) |
| Cause of injury | Traffic accident 63, fall 5, other 3 | Traffic accident 46, fall 3, other 2 | Traffic accident 17, fall 2, other 1 |
| Time from injury, months | 91.5 (91.7) [3–418] | 88.2 (88.8) [3–418] | 99.8 (100.61) [6–372] |
| Severity | Severe 38 (54%), moderate 11 (15%), mild 20 (28%), NA 2 (3%) | Severe 22 (43%), moderate 10 (20%), mild 17 (33%), NA 2 (4%) | Severe 16 (80%), moderate 1 (5%), mild 3 (15%) |
| Lesion location | – | Frontal 38, other 13 | – |
| Anatomical grading for DAI | – | – | Grade I: 3, Grade II:5 Grade III: 3, Grade IV: 3, Grade 0: 4, NA: 2 |
| WAIS-III | |||
| FIQ | 93.4 (18.6) | 96.1 (17.4) | 89.3 (20.9) |
| VIQ | 95.0 (18.3) | 97.3 (18.2) | 91.5 (19.1) |
| PIQ | 93.2 (16.3) | 95.3 (14.2) | 90.0 (19.6) |
| VC | 94.5 (17.9) | 97.6 (16.1) | 89.8 (20.3) |
| PO | 98.1 (14.1) | 99.4 (12.1) | 96.1 (17.4) |
| WM | 93.3 (17.1) | 96.9 (18.3) | 87.8 (14.4) |
| PS | 79.6 (20.5) | 86.0 (18.6) | 69.9 (20.4) |
Results are expressed as means (SD) [range], unless otherwise stated.
Anatomical grading for DAI: Grade I, hemispheric lesions; Grade II, hemispheric and additional corpus callosum lesions; Grade III, brainstem lesions; Grade IV, lesions in substantia nigra or mesencephalic tegmentum. Grade 0 indicates absence of haemorrhagic spots in chronic images but with evidence of microbleeds in acute X-ray computed tomography.
FIQ = full intelligence quotient; NA = not available; PIQ = performance intelligence quotient; PO = perceptual organization; PS = processing speed; SD = standard deviation; VC = verbal comprehension; VIQ = verbal intelligence quotient; WAIS-III = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition; WM = working memory.