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. 2020 Jun 9;7:319. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00319

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A schematic representation of tick physiological processes and involved molecules tested as vaccine candidates [modified from (78, 103)]. The most promising vaccine candidates are underlined. The red arrow represents blood meal uptake, and the blue arrow represents saliva injection. Several tick protease inhibitor families have been reported in the salivary glands and implicated in both tick biology/physiology. Major blood digestive enzymes (cathepsin B, C, D, L, and Legumain), blood digestion, heme/iron metabolism, detoxification, and inter-tissue transport that may serve as rational targets for “anti-tick” intervention. SG, salivary glands; MG, midgut; OV, ovary; HLS2, Haemaphysalis longicornis serpin-2; RAS-1,2,3,4, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus; IRIS, Ixodes ricinus immunosuppressor; Sialostatin L, Ixodes scapularis; OmC2, Ornithodoros moubata; Metis-1, metalloproteases from Ixodes ricinus; BrRm-MP4, metalloproteases Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; HLMP1, Haemaphysalis longicornis metalloprotease.