Table 2.
Mean VOC Levels by Tobacco Product Category
| Mean normalized values ng/mg creatinine | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parent compound | Analyte | Total (N = 371) | Nonusers of tobacco (n = 87) | CIG only (n = 237) | ENDS only (n = 17) | Dual users (n = 30) | p Value |
| Volatile organic compounds | |||||||
| Acrolein | CEMA | 154.3 ± 129.4 | 79 ± 62.5 | 180.1 ± 134.8 | 120.8 ± 90.3 | 188.1 ± 160 | <.001 |
| 3HPMA | 576.6 ± 643.1 | 223 ± 149.4 | 724.4 ± 735.1 | 338.6 ± 206.4 | 569.5 ± 450.8 | <.001 | |
| Acrylamide | AAMA | 157.3 ± 132.7 | 67.8 ± 60.5 | 191.9 ± 136.1 | 88.5 ± 43.6 | 181.8 ± 157.4 | <.001 |
| GAMA | 38.7 ± 32.2 | 25.4 ± 21.2 | 43.6 ± 34.8 | 36.5 ± 24.7 | 39 ± 30.8 | <.001 | |
| Acrylonitrile | CYMA | 92.8 ± 116.9 | 3.0 ± 12.3 | 129.8 ± 126 | 29.3 ± 31.3 | 97 ± 78.6 | <.001 |
| Acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide | HEMA | 3.5 ± 4.7 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 5.2 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 4.5 ± 5.4 | <.001 |
| Benzene | MU | 139.4 ± 110 | 138.8 ± 92.3 | 132.4 ± 102.7 | 211 ± 179.3 | 156.2 ± 147.6 | .59 |
| 1-Bromopropane | BPMA | 17.9 ± 23.4 | 13 ± 12.3 | 20.6 ± 27.2 | 6.0 ± 4.8 | 17.5 ± 16.5 | .17 |
| 1,3-Butadiene | DHBMA | 361.1 ± 182.2 | 283.2 ± 104.5 | 389.9 ± 194.4 | 262.7 ± 107.7 | 415.6 ± 209 | <.001 |
| MHBMA3 | 15.1 ± 15.4 | 3.6 ± 2.5 | 19.5 ± 15.4 | 6.8 ± 7.9 | 18.7 ± 20.7 | <.001 | |
| Crotonaldehyde | HPMMA | 371.2 ± 367.5 | 138.7 ± 49.5 | 462.4 ± 398.6 | 179.1 ± 112.4 | 433.5 ± 399.8 | <.001 |
| N,N-Dimethlyformamide | AMCC | 275.5 ± 218.9 | 127.1 ± 90.5 | 327.7 ± 226.3 | 169.7 ± 105.4 | 354 ± 251.6 | <.001 |
| Ethylbenzene, Styrene | PGA | 286.5 ± 163.5 | 186.2 ± 66.9 | 330.2 ± 177.3 | 191.2 ± 52.3 | 286.3 ± 139.3 | <.001 |
| Propylene oxide | 2HPMA | 63.7 ± 114.4 | 84.4 ± 214.7 | 60.1 ± 57.1 | 34.8 ± 27.6 | 48.6 ± 33.6 | <.001 |
| Styrene | PHEMA | 1.8 ± 2.2 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 2.3 ± 2.5 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | <.001 |
| MA | 238.2 ± 216.7 | 126.8 ± 52.2 | 284.9 ± 251.8 | 146.8 ± 70.5 | 244.6 ± 110.7 | <.001 | |
| Toluene | BMA | 11.5 ± 24.7 | 10.6 ± 14.0 | 12.8 ± 29.5 | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 8.3 ± 6.3 | .86 |
| Xylene | 2MHA | 26 ± 31.5 | 8.6 ± 14.6 | 33.3 ± 35.2 | 17.1 ± 12.7 | 23.8 ± 21.7 | <.001 |
| 3MHA + 4MHA | 291.7 ± 281.3 | 115.9 ± 129.3 | 365.7 ± 305.8 | 165.3 ± 104.7 | 289.1 ± 213.5 | <.001 | |
| Tobacco alkaloids | |||||||
| Anabasine | ANB | 4.8 ± 5.3 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | 5.6 ± 5.6 | 3.1 ± 3.0 | 6.2 ± 7.7 | <.001 |
| Antabine | ANTB | 4.1 ± 6.1 | 0.9 ± 1.0 | 5.3 ± 6.7 | 2.4 ± 3.6 | 4.7 ± 7.2 | <.001 |
| Nicotine | NIC | 349.3 ± 687.7 | 10.2 ± 15 | 453.4 ± 771.7 | 434.5 ± 769.5 | 462.1 ± 639.2 | <.001 |
| COT | 690.6 ± 844.3 | 2.6 ± 2.4 | 910.9 ± 868.3 | 855.8 ± 958.9 | 851.6 ± 770.9 | <.001 | |
| 3HC | 2197.3 ± 2326.8 | 6.4 ± 13.7 | 2887.6 ± 2237 | 3204.1 ± 2865.3 | 2527.8 ± 2196.4 | <.001 |
CIG = cigarette; ENDS = electronic nicotine delivery systems.
Bold values indicate statistically significant (p = 0.05).