Table 1.
Subject characteristics
| All randomized subjects n = 369 |
Placebo group n = 188 |
Active group n = 181 |
p a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 43.8 (14.5) | 45.4 (15.0) | 42.2 (13.8) | .04 |
| Gender, N (%) male | 159 (43.1) | 86 (45.7) | 73 (40.3) | .29 |
| Race, N (%) | ||||
| White | 187 (50.7) | 93 (49.5) | 94 (51.9) | .32 |
| African-American | 148 (40.1) | 81 (43.1) | 67 (37.0) | |
| Other | 34 (9.2) | 14 (7.5) | 20 (11.1) | |
| Hispanic, N (%) | 20 (5.4) | 9 (4.8) | 11 (6.1) | .58 |
| Education, N (%) | .86 | |||
| High school or less | 88 (23.8) | 45 (24.0) | 43 (23.8) | |
| Some college | 139 (37.7) | 73 (38.8) | 66 (36.4) | |
| Bachelor’s or above | 142 (38.5) | 70 (37.2) | 72 (39.8) | |
| Annual incomeb, $1,000s, mean (SD) | 30.2 (26.8) | 28.4 (26.2) | 32.0 (27.4) | .20 |
| Smoking at enrollment | ||||
| Days smoking/week, mean (SD)c | 3.6 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.2) | 3.6 (1.1) | .95 |
| Number of cigarettes on smoking days, mean (SD)c | 3.6 (2.5) | 3.9 (2.9) | 3.3 (2.0) | .02 |
| Average cigarettes per day across all days (including days at 0), mean (SD)c | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.9 (1.5) | 1.8 (1.5) | .24 |
| Smoke mentholdN (%) | 239 (65.5) | 124 (66.7) | 115 (64.3) | .63 |
| Years smoked, mean (SD) | 21.2 (14.2) | 22.1 (15.2) | 20.3 (13.1) | .23 |
| Past daily smoker, N (%) | 202 (54.7) | 104 (55.3) | 98 (54.1) | .82 |
| Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence= 0, N (%) | 230 (62.7) | 119 (63.6) | 111 (61.7) | .70 |
Abbreviations: SD = standard deviation; N = number.
aComparison between active and placebo groups. Chi-square test for categorical variables, t-test for continuous variables.
bComputed from categorical reports, using midpoints from 12 categories, from <$5,000 to >$80,000.
cBased on time-line follow-back (TLFB) reporting in the 28 days prior to study enrollment.
dMenthol smoking was reported by 94% of African-American participants; among other ethnicities, this was 43%.