Table 1.
Protective and Pathological Roles Played by Different Adipocytokines in Different Diseases.
| Adipocytokine | Protective effect | Diseases involved |
|---|---|---|
| Adiponectin | Insulin resistance, diabetes & obesity [11], [12], [13], hyperlipidemia [22], diabetic kidney disease [30], polycystic ovary [32], ovarian cancer, gestational diabetes [39], systemic sclerosis [74], breast cancer [98], lung cancer [99], colon cancer [100], thyroid cancer [106], prostate cancer [108], [109], glioblastoma [113], AIS [129], Duchene Muscular Dystrophy [132], pulmonary hypertension [149], obstructive sleep apnea [151], atherosclerosis [11], hypertension [158], preeclampsia [41], [42], [43], [44], COVID-19 [164] | Cervical & endometrial cancer [37], [38], joint inflammation [64], bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis [65], SLE with renal involvement [87] |
| Adipsin | Systemic sclerosis with PAH [83], SLE with renal involvement [87] | |
| Apelin | Insulin resistance, diabetes & obesity [11], [12], [13], rheumatoid arthritis [69], systemic sclerosis: protects against cardiac, renal, lung and skin complications [84] | |
| Chemerin | Systemic sclerosis: skin sclerosis, digital ulcers, kidney failure [79], [80], [81] | |
| CTRP-3 | Systemic sclerosis: prevents cardiac remodeling [86] | |
| CCL-2 | Atherosclerosis [142] | |
| CCL-4 | IVDD [48] | |
| FABP4 | Osteoarthritis [72] | |
| Ghrelin | IVDD [47], colon cancer [105] | |
| IL-1 | Immunoinflammatory (glucose metabolism) [16] | |
| IL-6 | Insulin resistance &diabetes [11], [12], psoriasis [89], atherosclerosis [142], COVID-19 [164] | |
| IL-8 | Atherosclerosis [142] | |
| IL-12 | Immunoinflammatory (insulin resistance)[55] | |
| IL-1β | Insulin resistance & diabetes in rheumatoid arthritis [56], psoriasis [90], atherosclerosis [142] | |
| Interferon-γ | Atherosclerosis [142] | |
| Leptin | Colon cancer [103], Alzheimer’s [117], Obesity& lipodystrophy [125], SLE with renal involvement [87] | Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis [51], [53], systemic sclerosis [75], psoriasis [91], hepatic affection [137], [138], [139], [140], hypertension [152], atherosclerosis [143], interstitial pulmonary fibrosis [161] |
| Lipocalin-2 | Osteoarthritis [68], psoriasis [94] | |
| MCP-1 | Monocytes infiltration (atherosclerosis) [134] | |
| Nesfatin-1 | Osteoarthritis [71] | |
| Omentin | Insulin resistance, diabetes & obesity [11], [12], [13], rheumatoid arthritis [70], psoriasis [95], SLE [87], atherosclerosis [147] | Systemic sclerosis with PAH [82], increased appetite [126] |
| PAI-1 | Psoriasis [93] | |
| Progranulin | SLE [87], IVDD [45] | |
| RBP4 | Insulin resistance &diabetes [18], atherosclerosis [18] | |
| Resistin | Alzheimer’s [120] | Insulin resistance &diabetes [11], [12], hyperlipidemia [25], kidney failure [27], [28], gestational diabetes [40], IVDD [48], rheumatoid arthritis& osteoarthritis [47], [58], systemic sclerosis complications: PAH, DVT, PE, digital ulcers [76], [77], SLE with renal involvement [87], psoriasis [92], Alzheimer’s [118], major depression & bipolar [122], [123], NAFLD&NASH [125], diabetic microvascular complications [154], atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease [155], sepsis [162], acute pancreatitis [163] |
| TNF-α | Insulin resistance &diabetes [11], [12], psoriasis [88], vasoconstriction [156], atherosclerosis [142], coronary artery disease [144], [145], COVID-19 [164] | |
| Vaspin | Systemic sclerosis: protective effect against digital ulcers [82] | |
| Visfatin | Systemic sclerosis [78] | Insulin resistance &diabetes [17], hyperlipidemia [25], IVDD [46], rheumatoid & osteoarthritis [66], joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis [67], atherosclerosis [157], diastolic hypertension [20] |
Abbreviations in the table: AIS, Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; IVDD, Intervertebral disc degeneration; NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, Non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis; CTRP-3, C1q tumor necrosis factor related protein 3; FABP4, Fatty acid-binding protein 4; IL-1, Interleukin 1; IL-6, Interleukin 6; IL-8, Interleukin 8; IL-12, Interleukin 12; IL-1β, Interleukin 1β; MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; PAI-1, Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; RBP4, Retinol binding protein 4; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha; PAH, Pulmonary artery hypertension; DVT, Deep venous thrombosis; PE, Pulmonary embolism; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; CCL-2, Chemokine legend 2; CCL-4, Chemokine legend 4.