FIGURE 3.

Silicon in the artificial diet suppressed the larval growth and enhanced the larval mortality to chlorpyrifos. (a) Newly molted 3rd‐instar larvae were fed on artificial diets with different chemical amendments for 2 days, and then, the mass was measured. (b) Mortality was recorded 24 hr after chlorpyrifos treatment. The controls were larvae fed on artificial diets without any amendments. Treatments of both 0.1% Na₂SiO₃ and 0.0096% NaCl had the same concentration of sodium in the artificial diet, and the treatment of 0.126% K₂SiO₃ had the similar concentration of silicon as that of 0.1% sodium silicate in the artificial diet. Values are mean ± SEM. For experiment (a) n = 20, and for (b) n = 3. Different letters indicate significant differences (ANOVA, p < .05, Fisher's test)