Fig. 1.

Immune landscape of early-stage LUAD and TME characteristics. a Unsupervised clustering of early-stage LUAD tissues using ssGSEA scores from immune cell types. The mutation status of TP53, KRAS, TTN, MUC16, CSMD3, and EGFR; survival; sex; age; lymph node metastasis; and TNM stage are shown as patient annotations in the lower panel. Hierarchical clustering was performed with Euclidean distance and Ward linkage. Three distinct immune infiltration clusters, termed cluster A, cluster B, and cluster C, were defined. b Kaplan-Meier curves for the OS of early-stage LUAD patients showed that the cluster C group had a favourable outcome compared with the other groups. TME, tumour microenvironment; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; OS, overall survival