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. 2020 Jun 10;11:1189. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01189

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Copyright © 2020 Kwak, Kim, Lee, Kim, Son and Shin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HMGB1 redox kinetics. (A) Short-term (left) and long-term (right) changes of HMGB1 redox status upon LPS stimulation. Western blot showing the All-thiol-H (all-thiol-HMGB1) or Disulfide-H (disulfide-HMGB1) expression in BMDM whole-cell lysates, which was treated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for indicated times. Methods were used as our previous study (38). (B) HMGB1 secretion timeframe. Disulfide-H from culture supernatant was measured by Western blot. (C) Graphical representation of the relationship between HMGB1 oxidation (left y-axis, closed circle) quantified as % maximum from (A) and HMGB1 secretion (right y-axis, opened circle). The level of secreted HMGB1 was determined by ELISA (38).