Figure 2.
Schematic diagram represents the effects of low 25(OH)D3 on various vascular-related functions such as endothelial function, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Various factors, such as latitude, aging, nutrition, and sun exposure cause VDD, which affects blood pressure. Elevated blood pressure causes vascular impairments, leading to cerebrovascular impairment and thus stroke in patients. Many clinical and preclinical studies show that VD supplementation improves stroke outcome.