TABLE 1.

Mean ± standard deviation values of upper-limb linear velocities (m/s) at the sound production time-point.

		Vertical velocity				Anteroposterior velocity
		Trunk	Upper-limb	d	q	Trunk	Upper-limb	d	q
Body implication	Fingertip	−0.310 ± 0.121	−0.304 ± 0.136	–	0.775	–	–	–	–
	MCPJ*	−0.156 ± 0.177	−0.167 ± 0.186	–	0.775	0.239 ± 0.133	0.202 ± 0.131	–	0.246
	Wrist	−0.037 ± 0.239	−0.049 ± 0.245	–	0.775	0.209 ± 0.124	0.171 ± 0.127	–	0.183
	Elbow	0.130 ± 0.096	0.093 ± 0.081	–	0.143	0.251 ± 0.118	0.186 ± 0.122	0.54	0.030
	Shoulder	0.082 ± 0.068	0.025 ± 0.031	–	0.030**	0.093 ± 0.073	0.008 ± 0.031	1.52	0.025
		Struck	Pressed	d	q	Struck	Pressed	d	q
Touch	Fingertip	−0.394 ± 0.116	−0.220 ± 0.067	1.84	0.011	–	–	–	–
	MCPJ**	−0.281 ± 0.138	−0.043 ± 0.137	1.74	0.011	0.201 ± 0.121	0.240 ± 0.141	–	0.288
	Wrist	−0.184 ± 0.187	0.098 ± 0.205	1.44	0.011	0.170 ± 0.115	0.210 ± 0.135	–	0.267
	Elbow	0.082 ± 0.073	0.141 ± 0.097	0.69	0.030	0.211 ± 0.125	0.227 ± 0.123	–	0.681
	Shoulder	0.036 ± 0.047	0.072 ± 0.065	–	0.014**	0.065 ± 0.069	0.036 ± 0.069	–	0.107
		Staccato	Tenuto	d	q	Staccato	Tenuto	d	q
Articulation	Fingertip	−0.321 ± 0.125	−0.292 ± 0.130	–	0.141	–	–	–	–
	MCPJ*	−0.115 ± 0.194	−0.209 ± 0.155	0.53	0.014	0.290 ± 0.132	0.151 ± 0.091	1.22	0.011
	Wrist	0.052 ± 0.246	−0.138 ± 0.197	0.85	0.011	0.248 ± 0.133	0.132 ± 0.088	1.04	0.011
	Elbow	0.129 ± 0.093	0.094 ± 0.085	–	0.141	0.263 ± 0.124	0.174 ± 0.107	0.76	0.030
	Shoulder	0.056 ± 0.060	0.052 ± 0.059	–	0.696	0.041 ± 0.071	0.060 ± 0.069	–	0.080

p-Value corrected (q-value) from the three-way repeated-measures ANOVAs and effect size (Cohen’s d). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 and corrected with the false discovery rate procedure for multiple comparisons (q ≤ 0.05). Negative/positive values indicate downward/upward velocities and backward/forward velocities; q-values are in bold when significant. * Metacarpophalangeal joint. ** Uninterpretable effect due to a body implication/touch interaction.