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. 2020 Nov 1;74(11):964–968. doi: 10.1136/jech-2020-214401

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This article is made freely available for use in accordance with BMJ's website terms and conditions for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until otherwise determined by BMJ. You may use, download and print the article for any lawful, non-commercial purpose (including text and data mining) provided that all copyright notices and trade marks are retained.

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The syndemic of COVID-19, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the social determinants of health (adapted from Singer²³ and Dahlgren and Whitehead²⁵).