Table 2.
Mean ± standard deviation of echocardiographic variables reflecting left ventricular systolic function obtained through two-dimensional speckle tracking in 18 bitches anesthetized with sevoflurane and undergoing continuous rate infusion of nalbuphine (GN) or saline (GC) over 80 minutes of observation.
| Variable | Group | Time (minutes) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | ||
| GCS (%) | GN | −19.8 ± 6.8 | −21.2 ± 3.9 | −22.4 ± 5.9 | −20.2 ± 5.3 | −21.3 ± 4.4 |
| GC | −19.5 ± 3.7 | −21.1 ± 5.3 | −21.4 ± 4.3 | −20.7 ± 4.3 | −20.8 ± 4.0 | |
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| GCSSR (s−1) | GN | −1.0 ± 0.7 | −1.8 ± 0.5 | −1.9 ± 0.7 | −1.6 ± 0.6 | −1.8 ± 0.6 |
| GC | −1.7 ± 0.4 | −1.7 ± 0.5 | −1.8 ± 0.4 | −1.7 ± 0.4 | −1.7 ± 0.3 | |
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| GRS (%) | GN | 23.9 ± 6.3 | 24.1 ± 6.5 | 27.8 ± 5.8 | 24.7 ± 6.8 | 27.0 ± 7.5 |
| GC | 22.5 ± 6.6 | 30.1 ± 6.2 | 28.7 ± 7.1 | 30.6 ± 7.0 | 26.2 ± 6.1 | |
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| GRSSR (s−1) | GN | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.5 |
| GC | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | |
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| GLS (%) | GN | −12.2 ± 2.1 | −13.5 ± 1.8 | −13.7 ± 2.6 | −13.3 ± 2.7 | −13.4 ± 2.1 |
| GC | −14.4 ± 3.2 | −14.0 ± 2.3 | −15.6 ± 1.8 | −15.1 ± 2.0 | −14.8 ± 2.2 | |
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| GLSSR (s−1) | GN | −1.0 ± 0.2 | −1.1 ± 0.2 | −1.1 ± 0.2 | −1.0 ± 0.2 | −1.1 ± 0.2 |
| GC | −1.3 ± 0.3 | −1.1 ± 0.1 | −1.3 ± 0.2 | −1.1 ± 0.1 | −1.2 ± 0.2 | |
Variables do not differ according to ANOVA (P > 0.05). GCS, global circumferential strain; GCSSR, global circumferential systolic strain rate; GLS, global longitudinal strain; GLSSR, global longitudinal systolic strain rate; GRS, global radial strain; GRSSR, global radial systolic strain rate.