Table 1.

Epidemiological data showing trends for worse outcomes in men with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2

SARS [Case series 2003] [1]
	Deceased (n = 1,139)	Survived (n = 385)
Age, median (range) – yr	57 (45%–69%)A	32 (24%–44%)
Male – n (%)	74 (53.2%)B	163 (42.3%)
SARS cases [9]
	Males v Females
	RRC	95%CI	P value
0–44	2.27	1.25, 4.11	0.007
45–74	1.45	1.09, 1.93	0.014
$\ge 75$	1.02	0.81, 1.27	1.000
All	1.66	1.35, 2.05	<0.0001
MERS-CoV [8]
	Cases	Deaths	Case fatality rate
Male n (%)	260 (62%)	89 (74%)	52%
Female n (%)	F 162 (38%)	31 (26%)	23%
COVID-19 [Public data set] [1]
	Deceased (n = 37)	Survived (n = 1,019)
Age, median (range) – yr	70 (65–81)D	47 (35–57)
Male – n (%)	26 (70.3)E	510 (50)

^AP < 0.01 v SARS survived patients.

^BP < 0.05 v SARS survived patients.

^CRR, unadjusted relative risk.

^DP < 0.01 v COVID-19 survived patients.

^EP < 0.05 v COVID-19 survived patients.