Table 2.

Fiber intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the PLCO cohort

Nutrients	Range (g/day)	Mean (g/day)	Cohort	Cases	Incidence rate (95% CI)a	Age-adjusted HR (95% CI), P-value	Multi-adjusted HR (95% CI),bP-value
Total fiber
Q1	<13.57	10.06	33 941	269	6.96 (6.18–7.85)	Reference group	Reference group
Q2	≥13.57 to <20.01	16.62	33 884	252	6.46 (5.71–7.31)	0.92 (0.77–1.09), P = 0.335	0.89 (0.74–1.07), P = 0.225
Q3	≥ 20.01	27.41	33 896	255	6.52 (5.77–7.37)	0.93 (0.78–1.10), P = 0.380	0.83 (0.66–1.04), P = 0.101
						P for trend = 0.378	P for trend = 0.098
Insoluble fiber
Q1	<8.86	6.51	33 931	272	7.05 (6.26–7.94)	Reference group	Reference group
Q2	≥8.86 to <13.19	10.90	33 918	251	6.43 (5.68–7.28)	0.90 (0.76–1.07), P = 0.247	0.89 (0.74–1.06), P = 0.199
Q3	≥13.19	18.16	33 872	253	6.47 (5.72–7.32)	0.91 (0.76–1.08), P = 0.261	0.83 (0.67–1.03), P = 0.095
						P for trend = 0.259	P for trend = 0.092
Soluble fiber
Q1	<4.54	3.37	33 955	269	6.95 (6.17–7.83)	Reference group	Reference group
Q2	≥4.54 to <6.68	5.55	33 987	245	6.26 (5.53–7.10)	0.89 (0.75–1.06), P = 0.197	0.86 (0.72–1.04), P = 0.114
Q3	≥6.68	9.19	33 779	262	6.73 (5.96–7.60)	0.96 (0.81–1.14), P = 0.655	0.86 (0.68–1.08), P = 0.184
						P for trend = 0.653	P for trend = 0.168

^aPer 10 000 person-years.

^bAdjusted for age (categorical), sex (male versus female), race (White, Non-Hispanic versus Other), body mass index at the time of enrollment (<25 kg/m² versus ≥25 kg/m²), education (≤high school versus ≥some college), smoking status (never versus former ≤ 15 years since quit versus former >15 years since quit versus former year since quit unknown versus current smoker ≤1 pack per day versus current smoker >1 pack per day versus current smoker intensity unknown), alcohol drinking status (never versus former versus current), total energy intake (continuous), randomization arm (intervention versus control), family history of any cancer (yes versus no) and marital status (married versus not married).