Table 1.
General characteristics of continuous and noncontinuous users.
| Variables | Users | Total (N=7453) | P valuea | ||||
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Continuous (n=133) | Noncontinuous (n=7320) |
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| Age (years), mean (SD) | 53.59 (9.89) | 57.58 (11.95) | 57.51 (11.92) | <.001 | |||
| Sex, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
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Male | 110 (82.7) | 4859 (66.37) | 4969 (66.67) |
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||
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Female | 23 (17.3) | 2461 (33.62) | 2484 (33.33) |
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| Sugar function | |||||||
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Data generated by users, n (%) | 133 (100.0) | 289 (3.95) | 422 (5.66) | <.001 | ||
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Total data generated, n | 22,350 | 1345 | 23,695 | —b | ||
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|
Individually generated data | <.001 | |||||
|
|
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Mean (SD) | 168.0 (204.0) | 0.2 (1.8) | 3.2 (35.1) |
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|
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Median (IQR) | 97 (43-186) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) |
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| Diabetes calendar function | |||||||
|
|
Data generated by users, n (%) | 133 (100.0) | 297 (4.06) | 430 (5.77) | <.001 | ||
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Total data generated, n | 16,407 | 1453 | 17,860 | — | ||
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|
Individually generated data | <.001 | |||||
|
|
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Mean (SD) | 123.4 (143.3) | 0.2 (4.0) | 2.4 (25.4) |
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|
|
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Median (IQR) | 67 (35-145) | 0 (0-0) | 0 (0-0) |
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| HbA1cc , mean (SD) | |||||||
|
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Number of measurements | 12.44 (6.90) | 11.90 (6.82) | 11.92 (6.82) | .38 | ||
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Measure frequency | 0.011 (0.010) | 0.009 (0.005) | 0.009 (0.005) | .007 | ||
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Measurement days | 1254 (461) | 1336 (445) | 1335 (446) | .04 | ||
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Measurement days before MCMHd version 2.0 start | 546 (348) | 712 (377) | 710 (377) | <.001 | ||
| First HbA1c measurement ≥6.5%, n (%) | 111 (83.4) | 5716 (78.09) | 5827 (78.18) | .14 | |||
| First HbA1c measurement, mean (SD) | 7.86 (1.78) | 7.51 (1.62) | 7.51 (1.62) | .01 | |||
| DCSIe, mean (SD) | 1.17 (1.65) | 1.15 (1.64) | 1.15 (1.64) | .99 | |||
| Complications, n (%) | |||||||
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Retinopathy or ophthalmic | 31 (23.3) | 1516 (20.71) | 1547 (20.75) | .46 | ||
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Nephropathy | 13 (9.8) | 765 (10.45) | 778 (10.44) | .80 | ||
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Neuropathy | 23 (17.3) | 1267 (17.31) | 1290 (17.31) | >.99 | ||
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Cerebrovascular | 20 (15.0) | 950 (13.00) | 970 (13.01) | .48 | ||
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Cardiovascular | 16 (12.0) | 1366 (18.7) | 1382 (18.54) | .05 | ||
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Peripheral vascular disease | 1 (0.8) | 59 (0.8) | 60 (0.81) | .94 | ||
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Metabolic complications | 1 (0.8) | 37 (0.5) | 38 (0.51) | .69 | ||
aChi-square test or Z test (for categorical variables); Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test (for continuous variables).
bStatistical comparison was not conducted in total generated data of sugar and diabetes calendar function.
cHbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.
dMCMH: My Chart in My Hand.
eDCSI: diabetes complications severity index.