Table 2.
Characteristics of the included studies (1)
| Author(s) and year | Country | Setting | Design | Sample sizes | Quality appraisal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johnsson et al. 2018 [47] | Sweden | Wards in a department of medicine for older people | Qualitative: observations, field conversations, and semi-structured interviews | 40 nurses and 40 older adults | 100% |
| Freitas 2016 [30] | Brazil | Family health unit | Qualitative: video recording | 32 nurses and 32 older adults | 100% |
| Small et al. 2015 [48] | Canada | Long term care | Qualitative: observation (video recording)s | 27 staff and 27 older adults | 100% |
| Freitas 2014 [49] | Brazil | Family health unit | Qualitative: video recording | 32 nurses and 32 older adults | 100% |
| Levy-Storms et al. 2011 [51] | USA | Nursing home | Qualitative: focus groups | 17 nurse aides and 15 older adults | 100% |
| Medvene and Lann-Wolcott 2010 [19] | USA | Assisted living facility and nursing home | Qualitative: individual interviews | 16 nurse aides | 100% |
| Backhaus 2009 [52] | Japan | Nursing home | Qualitative: observations | 100 nurses and 57 older adults | 100% |
| Gilbert and Hayes 2009 [53] | USA | Nurse practitioners’ offices | Mixed: observations (video recordings), survey | 31 nurse practitioners and 155 older adults | 100% |
| Sorensen 2009 [54] | the Balkans | Nursing home and rehabilitation unit | Qualitative: nursing students’ logs | 10 third-year nursing students | 100% |
| Williams and Warren 2009 [55] | USA | Assisted living facility | Qualitative: interviews and fieldwork | 11 nursing assistants and 39 older adults | 100% |
| Carpiac-Claver and Levy-Storms 2007 [57] | USA | Nursing homes and assisted living facilities in USA | Qualitative: observations (video recordings) | 17 nurse aides and 17 older adults | 100% |
| Kaakinen et al. 2001 [65] | USA | Care facilities, clinics, and private practice | Qualitative: one focus group and in-depth interviews | 12 nurse practitioners | 100% |
| Jonas 2006 [58] | Canada | Long term care | Qualitative: semi-structured interviews | 19 older adults | 100% |
| Tuohy 2003 [60] | Ireland | Continuing care unit | Qualitative: participant observations and eight semi-structured interviews | 8 s year diploma nursing students | 100% |
| Butts 2001 [62] | USA | Two nursing homes | Quantitative: randomized control trial | 72 older adults | 100% |
| Park and Song 2005 [59] | Korea | Medical, surgical, and ophthalmology units | Quantitative: survey | 136 nurses and 100 older adults | 80% |
| Daly 2017 [4] | Ireland | Not reported | Grey: Continuous Professional Development | N/A | N/A |
| Williams 2013 [50] | USA | Literature | Review | N/A | N/A |
| Calcagno 2008 [56] | USA | Long-term care | Grey: Continuous Professional Development | N/A | N/A |
| Linda 2002 [3] | UK | Not reported | Grey: Continuous Professional Development | N/A | N/A |
| Bush 2001 [61] | Germany | Not reported | Grey: author’ s reflection | N/A | N/A |
| Babikian 2000 [63] | USA | Long term care | Grey: authors’ reflection | N/A | N/A |