Table 3.

Step 2: IVW fixed-effect MR estimates of the causal effect of DNA methylation on lung function

CpG	Gene	Lung function	MR estimate (SE)a (ECRHS + NFBC + SAPALDIA + UK Biobank; n = 283,476)	P
cg09046979	SBK1	FEV1	−0.0003 (0.003)	0.89
		FVC	−0.001 (0.005)	0.75
		FEV1/FVC	−0.0002 (0.003)	0.93

^aMR estimates (S.E.) represent the change in lung function (L) per methylation proportion (unit is %)