Box 5.

Exemplars on the use of “adaptive” in the abstract content and/or as a keyword

Example 1. Abstract (title) “Safety and efficacy of neublastin in painful lumbosacral radiculopathy: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial using Bayesian adaptive design (the SPRINT trial).” [140] Example 2. Abstract (background) “The drug development process can be streamlined by combining the traditionally separate stages of dose-finding (Phase IIb) and confirmation of efficacy and safety (Phase III) using an adaptive seamless design.” [141] Example 3. Abstract (aims) and keyword “AWARD-5 was an adaptive, seamless, double-blind study comparing dulaglutide, a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, with placebo at 26 weeks and sitagliptin up to 104 weeks.” and keyword “Bayesian adaptive” [93]