Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with MI
| Unmatched cohort | Propensity‐matched cohort | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | MI without anxiety | MI with anxiety | P value | MI without anxiety | MI with anxiety | P value |
| n | 116 193 | 13 112 | 13 102 | 13 102 | ||
| Age, (mean [SD]) | 67.2 (13.6) | 65.5 (13.7) | <.001 | 65.5 (13.6) | 65.5 (13.7) | .966 |
| Sex, n (%) | <.001 | .013 | ||||
| Male | 74 363 (64.0) | 5749 (43.8) | 5975 (45.6) | 5749 (43.9) | ||
| Female | 41 775 (36.0) | 7356 (56.1) | 7123 (54.4) | 7346 (56.1) | ||
| Unknown | 55 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | 4 (0.0) | 7 (0.1) | ||
| Race, n (%) | <.001 | <.001 | ||||
| White | 81 460 (70.1) | 10 449 (79.7) | 10 040 (76.6) | 10 440 (79.7) | ||
| Black | 13 061 (11.2) | 876 (6.7) | 1361 (10.4) | 875 (6.7) | ||
| Hispanic | 9291 (8.0) | 816 (6.2) | 785 (6.0) | 816 (6.2) | ||
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 3215 (2.8) | 139 (1.1) | 190 (1.5) | 139 (1.1) | ||
| Native American | 623 (0.5) | 50 (0.4) | 51 (0.4) | 50 (0.4) | ||
| Other | 3361 (2.9) | 259 (2.0) | 151 (1.2) | 259 (2.0) | ||
| Unknown | 5182 (4.5) | 523 (4.0) | 524 (4.0) | 523 (4.0) | ||
| Patient location, n (%) | <.001 | .478 | ||||
| “Central” counties of metro areas of > = 1 million population | 29 511 (25.4) | 2878 (21.9) | 3005 (22.9) | 2878 (22.0) | ||
| “Finge” counties of metro areas of > = 1 million population | 27 020 (23.3) | 3131 (23.9) | 3081 (23.5) | 3127 (23.9) | ||
| Counties in metro areas of 250 000‐999 999 population | 23 651 (20.4) | 2700 (20.6) | 2659 (20.3) | 2698 (20.6) | ||
| Counties in metro areas of 50 000‐249 999 population | 11 845 (10.2) | 1541 (11.8) | 1467 (11.2) | 1540 (11.8) | ||
| Micropolitan counties | 13 160 (11.3) | 1576 (12.0) | 1607 (12.3) | 1575 (12.0) | ||
| Non metropolitan or micropolitan counties | 10 587 (9.1) | 1256 (9.6) | 1255 (9.6) | 1254 (9.6) | ||
| NA | 419 (0.4) | 30 (0.2) | 28 (0.2) | 30 (0.2) | ||
| Mean household income, n (%) | 0.01 | .787 | ||||
| $1‐$42 999 | 35 151 (30.3) | 4088 (31.2) | 4042 (30.9) | 4086 (31.2) | ||
| $43 000‐$53 999 | 30 737 (26.5) | 3503 (26.7) | 3545 (27.1) | 3499 (26.7) | ||
| $54 000‐$70 999 | 27 008 (23.2) | 3035 (23.1) | 3072 (23.4) | 3033 (23.1) | ||
| $71 000 or more | 21 112 (18.2) | 2278 (17.4) | 2253 (17.2) | 2276 (17.4) | ||
| Unknown | 2185 (1.9) | 208 (1.6) | 190 (1.5) | 208 (1.6) | ||
| Primary payer, n (%) | <.001 | .067 | ||||
| Medicare | 66 386 (57.1) | 7697 (58.7) | 7606 (58.1) | 7690 (58.7) | ||
| Medicaid | 10 513 (9.0) | 1484 (11.3) | 1427 (10.9) | 1481 (11.3) | ||
| Private including HMO (Health maintenance organization) | 30 083 (25.9) | 3133 (23.9) | 3194 (24.4) | 3133 (23.9) | ||
| Self‐pay | 5249 (4.5) | 434 (3.3) | 525 (4.0) | 434 (3.3) | ||
| No charge | 495 (0.4) | 37 (0.3) | 43 (0.3) | 37 (0.3) | ||
| Other | 3333 (2.9) | 315 (2.4) | 296 (2.3) | 315 (2.4) | ||
| Unknown | 134 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | 11 (0.1) | 12 (0.1) | ||
| Hospital type, n (%) | <.001 | .403 | ||||
| Rural | 8805 (7.6) | 1185 (9.0) | 1127 (8.6) | 1184 (9.0) | ||
| Urban nonteaching | 32 592 (28.0) | 3539 (27.0) | 3591 (27.4) | 3537 (27.0) | ||
| Urban teaching | 74 796 (64.4) | 8388 (64.0) | 8384 (64.0) | 8381 (64.0) | ||
| Hospital region, n (%) | <.001 | .103 | ||||
| Northeast | 20 697 (17.8) | 2473 (18.9) | 2402 (18.3) | 2470 (18.9) | ||
| Midwest | 25 997 (22.4) | 3267 (24.9) | 3240 (24.7) | 3262 (24.9) | ||
| South | 47 473 (40.9) | 5285 (40.3) | 5228 (39.9) | 5283 (40.3) | ||
| West | 22 026 (19.0) | 2087 (15.9) | 2232 (17.0) | 2087 (15.9) | ||
| Hospital bed size, n (%) | .829 | .901 | ||||
| Small | 18 327 (15.8) | 2095 (16.0) | 2067 (15.8) | 2094 (16.0) | ||
| Medium | 34 471 (29.7) | 3877 (29.6) | 3880 (29.6) | 3873 (29.6) | ||
| Large | 63 395 (54.6) | 7140 (54.5) | 7155 (54.6) | 7135 (54.5) | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Smoking | 26 672 (23.0) | 3853 (29.4) | <.001 | 3756 (28.7) | 3843 (29.3) | .242 |
| Hypertension | 62 371 (53.7) | 7462 (56.9) | <.001 | 7396 (56.4) | 7453 (56.9) | .485 |
| DM | 45 243 (38.9) | 4768 (36.4) | <.001 | 4813 (36.7) | 4764 (36.4) | .538 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 75 135 (64.7) | 8910 (68.0) | <.001 | 8907 (68.0) | 8901 (67.9) | .947 |
| Obesity | 21 336 (18.4) | 2759 (21.0) | <.001 | 2686 (20.5) | 2755 (21.0) | .3 |
| Depression | 6756 (5.8) | 4214 (32.1) | <.001 | 4103 (31.3) | 4204 (32.1) | .184 |
| History of MI | 17 406 (15.0) | 2349 (17.9) | <.001 | 2293 (17.5) | 2346 (17.9) | .4 |
| OSA | 9788 (8.4) | 1532 (11.7) | <.001 | 1535 (11.7) | 1526 (11.6) | .878 |
| CKD | 27 578 (23.7) | 2834 (21.6) | <.001 | 2824 (21.6) | 2834 (21.6) | .893 |
| History of stroke | 11 624 (10.0) | 1484 (11.3) | <.001 | 1469 (11.2) | 1445 (11.0) | .651 |
| PAD | 14 467 (12.5) | 1745 (13.3) | .005 | 1800 (13.7) | 1743 (13.3) | .312 |
| COPD | 19 739 (17.0) | 3475 (26.5) | <.001 | 3409 (26.0) | 3466 (26.5) | .432 |
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PAD, peripheral artery disease; STEMI, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; HMO, health maintenance organization.