Table 2.

Summary of primary outcomes and measurement tools

Primary outcomes	Tools	Psychometric tests	Method of assessment
Pain	PBI	100% inter-rater reliability r coefficient was 0.45, 0.50 and 0.44 between PBI and PPI.71 72	Assessor-rated,71 five-category behavioural observation scale
	VAS	Moderate correlation (r=0.54) with the verbal rating and is considered valuable when mixed with other tools73 74; 0.97 intraclass correlation coefficient of 24 hours interval test–retest reliability.75	Self-reported VAS,76 contains six different coloured parts anchored by two extremes of ‘no pain’ and excruciating pain to mark on the line map by primigravidae.77
Anxiety	AASPWL	>0.8 concordance test content validity index Kendall’s W between the opinions of the experts (W=0.090; p=0.080) with Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.7778; significantly correlated (r=0.369) with the Beck Anxiety Scale.78	Questionnaire consists of nine items,78 on a five-point scale: the higher the mean score, the higher the anxiety

AASPWL, Anxiety Assessment Scale for Pregnant Women in Labour; PBI, Present Behavioural Intensity; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.