Table 1.
Authors/Year Country |
Study Design | Study Subjects | Biospecimen | Diagnosis/Severity of Depression Scales | Mean severity of depression at baseline | Microbiological Analysis | Total score of quality assessment (0–10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jiang et al. (15) China |
Cross-sectional | n = 29 patients with depression [Active-Major Depressive Disorder, (A-MDD)] n = 17 patients during response to antidepressant treatment [Responded-Major Depressive Disorder (R-MDD)] n = 30 healthy controls Age: 18–40 years |
1) Fecal samples 2) Blood samples (Serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1b (IL)-1b, IL-6, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels |
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV), Hamilton’s Depression Scale (HAMDS), Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) |
HAMDS: 29.8 MADRS: 27.4 |
16S rRNA genes (V1–V3 regions), PCR, Pyrosequencing. α-diversity, ß-diversity, bacterial taxonomic composition | 7 |
Kelly et al. (16) Ireland |
Cross-sectional | n = 34 patients with depression n = 33 healthy controls Mean age: 45.8 |
|
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV)/Hamilton rating scale for Depression (HAMD 17)/Beck Depression Inventory | HAMD: 19.5 Beck Depression: 32.4 |
16S rRNA genes, illumina MiSeq platform. α-diversity, ß-diversity, bacterial taxonomic composition | 6 |
Aizawa et al. (21) Japan |
Cross-sectional | n = 43 patients with depression n = 57 healthy controls Mean age: 40 years |
Fecal samples | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV), Hamilton depression rating scale | HAM-D: 16.9 | 16S rRNA genes, Reverse Transcription quantitative PCR, bacterial taxonomic composition | 5 |
Lin et al. (17) China |
Cross-sectional | n = 60 patients with depression n = 60 healthy controls Age: 20–85 years |
Fecal samples | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IVTR), Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) scale | HAM-D ≥23 | 16S rRNA genes (V3-V4), Illumina MiSeq platform. bacterial taxonomic composition | 6 |
Naseribafrouei et al. (25) Norway |
Partially blinded observational study |
n = 37, patients with depression n = 18 healthy controls Mean age: 48 years |
Fecal samples | ICD-10, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) | MADRS: 26.3 |
16S rRNA genes, PCR, Illumina sequencing. α-diversity, ß-diversity, bacterial taxonomic composition | 5 |
Chen et al. (20) China |
Cross-sectional | n = 10 people with depression n = 10 healthy controls Age:18–65 years |
Fecal samples | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV), Hamilton’s Depression Scale | HAMDS: 25.6 | Protein, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry | 6 |
Liu et al. (23) China |
Cross-sectional | n = 40 IBS-D patients n = 15 people with depression n = 25 comorbidity patients with both IBS and depression n = 20 healthy controls Age >18 years |
Fecal samples | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV)/Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) | SDS:60 | 16S rRNA genes (V1 to V3 region), PCR, Pyro sequencing. α-diversity, ß-diversity, Bacterial taxonomic composition | 7 |
Zheng et al. (24) China |
Cross-sectional | n = 58 patients with depression, n = 63 healthy controls; age >18 years | Fecal samples | DSM-IV-TR, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale | HDRS: 22.8 | 16S rRNA genes (V3-V5 regions), PCR, illumina sequencing. α-diversity, ß-diversity, bacterial taxonomic composition | 7 |
Chen et al. (22) China |
Cross-sectional | n = 24 people with depression, n = 24 healthy controls; age >18 years old (18–60) | Fecal samples | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) | HDRS: 23.04 | 16S rRNA genes (V3–V5 regions), PCR, Pyro sequencing. α-diversity, ß-diversity, Bacterial taxonomic composition | 6 |