Fig 1.

Exosome isolation and characterization. Exosomes were isolated by cushioned density gradient ultracentrifugation. Representative Western blot for Flotillin-1, CD9, and plasma protein (Ponceau S) shows relative purity and contamination (A). Exosome particles were found to be ∼30 to 150 nm in size using a nanoparticle tracking analyzer (B). There was no difference in overall exosome particle count (C) or size (D) between the three groups (one-way analysis of variance [ANOVA], P > .05). Data are reported as mean ± standard error of the mean, n = 5-6/group. mPAD, Mild peripheral artery disease; NS, not significant; sPAD, severe peripheral artery disease.