Table 2. Parameter estimates of the linear mixed models for each HRQoL measure.
| Variables | β | SE | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Health (PCS) | |||
| Time | 2.56 | 4.01 | < .001* |
| Gender (female) | -5.13 | 1.77 | < .001* |
| Time × gender (female) | -1.16 | 0.53 | .030* |
| Comorbidity burden: | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | -1.60 | 0.28 | < .001* |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | -4.64 | 1.84 | .001* |
| Comorbidity burden × gender(female): | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | 5.94 | 3.04 | .008* |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | 5.64 | 3.76 | .156 |
| Comorbidity burden × time: | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | -0.20 | 0.47 | .840 |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | -0.11 | 0.56 | .610 |
| Mental health (MCS) | |||
| Time | 1.64 | 0.29 | < .001* |
| Gender (female) | -1.07 | 1.97 | .245 |
| Time × gender (female) | -0.18 | 0.56 | .650 |
| Comorbidity burden: | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | -1.06 | 1.77 | .343 |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | -2.57 | 2.02 | .091 |
| Comorbidity burden × gender(female): | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | -0.35 | 3.39 | .250 |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | -1.59 | 4.12 | .077 |
| Comorbidity burden × time: | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | -0.64 | 0.51 | .221 |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | 0.13 | 0.59 | .310 |
| Disease-specific HRQoL (SAQ) | |||
| Time | 7.57 | 0.54 | < .001* |
| Gender (female) | -4.86 | 3.41 | < .001* |
| Time × gender(female) | -1.34 | 1.04 | .211 |
| Comorbidity burden: | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | -6.94 | 3.13 | .362 |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | -9.64 | 3.58 | .029* |
| Comorbidity burden × gender(female): | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | 18.28 | 5.89 | .001* |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | 17.26 | 7.35 | .209 |
| Comorbidity burden × time | |||
| Total comorbidity conditions | 0.15 | 0.94 | .032* |
| Charlson comorbidity categories | 0.93 | 1.10 | .636 |
*P values < 0.05 were considered significant.