Table 1.
Effects of multiple variables on MACCE in Cox regression analysis
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P-value | OR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (years) | 1.050 | 1.024-10.76 | <0.001* | |||
| Male sex | 1.215 | 0.702-2.103 | 0.48 | |||
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||
| WBC | 0.997 | 0.918-1.083 | 0.99 | |||
| Neutrophil | 1.120 | 1.026-1.222 | 0.011* | |||
| Lymphocyte | 0.461 | 0.333-0.638 | <0.001* | |||
| NLR | 1.109 | 1.063-1.156 | <0.001* | 1.087 | 1.026-1.151 | 0.004* |
| CRP | 1.045 | 0.974-1.122 | 0.21 | |||
| Hg | 0.922 | 0.833-1.020 | 0.92 | |||
| CrCL | 0.991 | 0.983-0.998 | 0.014* | |||
| Risk factors and medical history | ||||||
| Obesity | 1.348 | 0.836-2.175 | 0.22 | |||
| EuroSCORE | 1.182 | 1.094-1.277 | <0.001* | |||
| USAP | 0.923 | 0.571-1.492 | 0.74 | |||
| History of MI (>21 days) | 1.723 | 1.101-2.698 | 0.017* | |||
| History of PCI | 1.187 | 0.630-2.235 | 0.59 | |||
| Current smoker | 0.795 | 0.501-1.261 | 0.32 | |||
| Family history of CAD | 0.489 | 0.270-0.887 | 0.019* | 0.409 | 0.180-0.928 | 0.032* |
| IDDM | 2.280 | 1.205-4.313 | 0.011* | |||
| Dyslipidaemia | 1.092 | 0.667-1.785 | 0.72 | |||
| Hypertension | 2.150 | 1.344-3.427 | 0.001* | 2.575 | 1.416-4.683 | 0.002* |
| COPD | 1.686 | 0.812-3.504 | 0.16 | |||
| Asymptomatic carotid stenosis | 2.073 | 1.258-3.416 | 0.004* | |||
| PVD | 2.187 | 1.109-4.311 | 0.024* | |||
| History of stroke | 1.997 | 0.807-4.942 | 0.13 | |||
| Estimated LVEF 30-49% | 1.006 | 0.606-1.671 | 0.98 | |||
| Estimated LVEF <30% | 1.831 | 0.881-3.806 | 0.1 | |||
| Mild valvular insufficiency | 1.378 | 0.827-2.298 | 0.21 | |||
| Angiographic findings | ||||||
| LMCA stenosis | 1.863 | 1.134-3.063 | 0.014* | |||
| Average number of vessel disease | 1.491 | 0.978-2.272 | 0.06 | |||
| Three-vessel disease | 1.736 | 1.028-2.931 | 0.039* | |||
| Perioperative data | ||||||
| Number of distal anastomosis | 1.190 | 0.932-1.518 | 0.16 | |||
| Incomplete revascularization | 0.824 | 0.333-2.037 | 0.67 | |||
| Endarterectomy | 1.233 | 0.734-2.072 | 0.42 | |||
| CPB time | 1.012 | 0.988-1.036 | 0.33 | |||
| Perioperative IABP | 7.660 | 2.415-24.298 | 0.001* | |||
| Perioperative inotropic agent | 2.962 | 1.705-5.147 | <0.001* | |||
| Perioperative AF | 1.670 | 0.916-3.045 | 0.09 | |||
| Perioperative MI | 1.098 | 0.505-2.387 | 0.81 | |||
| Prolonged respiratory period | 1.520 | 1.137-2.032 | 0.005* | 5.438 | 1.723-17.163 | 0.004* |
| Duration of ICU stay | 1.008 | 0.999-1.017 | 0.08 | |||
| Pulmonary complication | 1.230 | 0.775-1.925 | 0.38 | |||
| Perioperative renal failure | 2.072 | 0.188-3.611 | 0.01* | 3.028 | 1.089-2.048 | 0.026* |
| Cerebrovascular complication | 2.490 | 1.318-4.704 | 0.005* | |||
| Blood transfusion | 1.281 | 1.137-1.442 | <0.001* | |||
| Length of hospital stay | 1.353 | 1.206-1.518 | <0.001* | |||
Statistically significant difference. AF=atrial fibrillation; CAD=coronary artery disease; CI=confidence interval; COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB=cardiopulmonary bypass; CrCL=creatinine clearance; CRP=C-reactive protein; EuroSCORE=European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; Hg=haemoglobin level; IABP=intra-aortic balloon pump; ICU=intensive care unit; IDDM=insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; LMCA=left main coronary artery; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; MACCE=major cardiac and cerebrovascular event; MI=myocardial infarction; NLR=neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; OR=odds ratio; PCI=percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD=peripheral vascular disease; USAP=unstable angina pectoris; WBC=white blood cell count