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. 2020 Jun 17;6(25):eaba0616. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0616

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Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — (A) A schematic drawing of a bi-beam made of two identical beams with limited viscoelasticity (the hyperelastic beam) and substantial viscoelasticity (the visco-hyperelastic beam). Because of the higher stiffness of the hyperelastic beam, the bi-beam buckles to the left when loaded slowly in compression. Under high strain rates, the apparent stiffness of the visco-hyperelastic beam may exceed that of the hyperelastic beam, causing the bi-beam to buckle to the right. (B) Visualization of the stress distributions corresponding to the three potential states of sufficiently compressed bi-beams (i.e., left buckling, no buckling, or right buckling). (C) Maps showing the computationally predicted buckling direction for a bi-beam with an aspect ratio of 8 and different values of the mechanical properties of the hyperelastic and visco-hyperelastic beams. The results are presented for different values of the applied nondimensional strain rate, and the color code indicates the regions where right buckling occurs. (D) Evolution of the stresses and strains of a visco-hyperelastic material as a function of the applied nondimensional strain rate for four different sets of material properties. Analytical relationships are used for drawing the stress-strain curves and compared with the corresponding hyperelastic materials.