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. 2020 Jun 17;6(25):eaaz3621. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3621

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Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 1 — (A) Ischemic hearts were administered MN-AAV with the assistance of a customized apparatus. The MNs swelled following application; consequently, the therapeutic agents were burst-released into precise regions to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction through angiogenic effects. (B) Diagram of our practice for the application of the MNs to rat heart via endoscopy assisted microthoracotomy surgery. (C) A series of endoscopic images demonstrating the application of MNs for delivery of therapeutic agents to a rat heart. Scale bars, 600 μm. Photo credits: Hongpeng Shi, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.