Table 1.
Clinical and biological features of the Kawa-COVID-19 cohort
| Clinical and biological results | Kawa-COVID-19 cohort | Group 1 severe | Group 2 non-severe | P value |
| Number of patients | 16 | 7 | 9 | |
| Sex ratio | 1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1 |
| Age (median in years, (IQR)) | 10 (4.7 to 12.5) | 12 (9.5 to 15.5) | 5 (2 to 10) | 0.043 |
| Comorbidities: n (%) | 6 (37%) | 2 (28%) | 4 (44%) | 1 |
| Asthma | 2 | 0 | 2 | |
| Overweight | 4 | 2 | 2 | |
| Family c/s COVID-19 infection n (%) | 12 (75%) | 6 (86%) | 6 (67%) | |
| First infectious exposure - hospitalisation (median days, (IQR)) | 21 (21 to 24) | 21 (21 to 25) | 21 (15 to 21) | |
| Patient symptoms: n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 16 (100%) | 7 (100%) | 9 (100%) | 1 |
| Respiratory signs | 2 (12%) | 1 (14%) | 1 (11%) | 1 |
| Gastrointestinal signs | 13 (81%) | 6 (86%) | 7 (78%) | 1 |
| Anosmia | 1 (6%) | 1 (14%) | 0 | 0.438 |
| Neurological signs | 9 (56%) | 5 (71%) | 4 (44%) | 0.431 |
| Skin rash | 13 (81%) | 6 (86%) | 7 (78%) | 1 |
| Hands and feet erythema/oedema | 11 (68%) | 5 (71%) | 6 (67 %) | 1 |
| Conjunctivitis | 15 (94%) | 6 (86%) | 9 (100%) | 0.438 |
| Dry cracked lips | 14 (87%) | 6 (86%) | 8 (89%) | 1 |
| Cervical lymphadenopathy | 6 (37%) | 3 (43%) | 3 (33%) | 1 |
| Arthritis | 1 (6%) | 1 (14%) | 0 | 0.438 |
| Haemodynamic failure | 11 (69%) | 7 (100%) | 4 (44%) | 0.034 |
| Complete Kawasaki disease: n (%) | 10 (62%) | 4 (57%) | 6 (67%) | 1 |
| Kawasaki disease shock syndrome n (%) | 7 (44%) | 6 (86%) | 1 (11%) | |
| Biological results: median, (IQR) | ||||
| CRP (mg/L) | 207 (162 to 236) | 245 (182 to 299) | 193 (170 to 219) | 0.174 |
| Leucocytes (G/L) | 11.5 (9 to 14.4) | 12.7 (11.7 to 30) | 9.7 (9.7 to 11.9) | 0.114 |
| Neutrophils (G/L) | 9.2 (7.6 to 10.7) | 10 (9.6 to 10.7) | 8 (6.4 to 9.6) | 0.137 |
| Lymphocytes (G/L) | 1.15 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.93 (0.67 to 1.12) | 1.6 (1 to 1.7) | 0.345 |
| Platelets (G/L) | 188 (164 to 244) | 183 (170 to 240) | 193 (136 to 228) | 1 |
| Ferritinaemia (g/L) | 1067 (272 to 1709) | 1760 (1693 to 2500) | 295 (165 to 536) | 0.003 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 130 (127 to 134) | 127 (127 to 132) | 130 (129 to 136) | 0.312 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 6.3 (4.1 to 17) | 24 (6.8 to 32) | 4.2 (3.8 to 6.2) | 0.003 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 59 (44 to 124) | 145 (87 to 237) | 44 (44 to 61) | 0.038 |
| Troponin (ng/L) | 58 (36 to 165) | 64 (52 to 1023) | 40 (21 to 60) | 0.073 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 4319 (2747 to 6493) | 2231 (1664 to 3287) | 7209 (5751 to 7339) | 0.2 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 21 (19 to 23) | 18.5 (18 to 20) | 22 (22 to 24) | 0.212 |
| Positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing: n (%) | ||||
| RT-PCR all sites | 11 (69%) | 6 (86%) | 5 (55%) | |
| Nasopharyngeal RT-PCR | 9/16 (56%) | 5/7 (71%) | 4/9 (44%) | 0.358 |
| RT-PCR in stool | 2/5 (40%) | 1/1 (100%) | 1/4 (25%) | 1 |
| RT-PCR in blood | 0/4 | 0/2 | 0/2 | 1 |
| Serology (IgG+) | 7/8 (87%) | 3/3 (100%) | 4/5 (80%) | 1 |
| Abnormal chest X-ray | 5 (31%) | 2 (28%) | 3 (33%) | 1 |
| Heart ultrasound: n (%) | ||||
| Abnormal | 11 (69%) | 6 (86%) | 5 (55%) | 0.308 |
| Coronary dilation | 3 (19%) | 1 (14%) | 2 (22%) | 1 |
| Median Z-score (IQR) | 2.6 (1.7 to 3.7) | 2.6 | 2.7 (1.7 to 3.7) | |
| Myocarditis | 7 (44%) | 6 (86%) | 1 (11%) | 0.015 |
| Median LVEF (IQR) | 35 (32 to 46) | 34 (3 to 43) | 50 | |
| Pericarditis | 4 (25%) | 1 (14%) | 3 (33%) | 0.242 |
| Treatment: | ||||
| Intravenous immunoglobulin | 15 (93%) | 7 (100%) | 8 (89%) | 1 |
| Single infusion | 10 (67%) | 6 (85%) | 4 (44%) | |
| Second infusion | 5 (33%) | 1 (14%) | 4 (44%) | |
| Steroids | 4 (25%) | 3 (43%) | 1 (11%) | 0.262 |
| Anti-IL-1 treatment | 1 (6%) | 1 (14%) | 0 | |
| Anti-IL-6 treatment | 1 (6%) | 1 (14%) | 0 | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 1 (6%) | 1 (14%) | 0 | |
| Acetylsalicylique acide | 15 (93%) | 7 (100%) | 8 (89%) | |
| Anti-inflammatory dose (30 to 50 mg/kg) | 7 (52%) | 3 (43%) | 3 (37%) | |
| Anti-aggregant dose | 8 (50%) | 4 (57%) | 5 (62%) | |
| Delay treatment - end of fever (median days, (IQR)) | 2 (1 to 9) | 6 (4 to 8) | 2 (1 to 5) | 0.458 |
| Delay between onset and end of fever (median days, (IQR)) | 9 (8 to 13) | 9 (9 to 12) | 8 (8 to 12) | 0.346 |
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; c, confirmed; CRP, C-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; s, suspected; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.