FIGURE 4.

IgG from pregnant women with APS mediates NET release via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. A, After stimulation with APS‐IgG (15 µg/mL), HC‐IgG (15 µg/mL) or PMA (50 nmol/L), neutrophils (3 × 10⁴/well) isolated from HCs were treated with DCFH‐DA at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 h to determine ROS production. B, Neutrophils were pre‐treated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and antioxygen N‐acetylcysteine, which notably suppressed ROS production, for 0.5 h, and then stimulated with APS‐IgG (15 µg/mL), HC‐IgG (15 µg/mL) or PMA (50 nmol/L) for 2 h. ROS production was determined via DCFH‐DA. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; ns, not significant. APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; HC, healthy control; NET, Neutrophil extracellular trap