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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Ecol. 2020 Jan 22;29(10):1764–1775. doi: 10.1111/mec.15349

Table 2.

Log-likelihoods and Akaike Information Criterion (AICs) for linear mixed models examined. All models include fixed effects of sex, breeding status, coat color and average relative pack size. The fixed effects of the PCs were not included in the pedigree-based models because of extensive missing data.

Model df GRM Log-likelihood GRM AIC Pedigree Log-likelihood Pedigree AIC

Ve 6 −153.9397 319.8794 −170.7956 353.5912
Ve; PCs 9 −152.5409 323.0818
Ve, Va 7 −151.6879 317.3758 −165.7513 345.5026
Ve, Va; PCs 10 −151.0484 322.0968
Ve, Va, Vd 8 −150.7475 317.4950 −165.6432 347.2864
Ve, Va, Vmat 8 −151.0995 318.1990 −165.9977 347.9954
Ve, Va, VYOB 8 −151.6714 319.3428 −165.3743 346.7486
Ve,Va, VPack 8 −150.2500 316.5000 −164.6324 345.2648
Ve, VPack 7 −151.6069 317.2138 −164.9119 343.8238
Ve, Va, Vpack; PCs 11 −149.4536 320.9072

(Abbreviations: df, degrees of freedom; GRM, genetic relatedness matrix; PCs, the first three principal components; Ve, variance due to independent environmental effects; Va, additive genetic variance; Vd, dominance genetic variance; VPack, variance due to natal pack treated as a random effect; VYOB, variance due to year of birth cohort treated as a random effect; Vmat, variance due to shared maternal effect)