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. 2020 Jun 17;10:9868. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66789-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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LXN is required for the therapeutic effect of retinoic acid on DSS colitis. (A) Experimental protocol for the induction of the acute colitis model and treated with 20 mg/kg retinoic acid in LXN^−/− (KO) and littermate LXN^+/+ (WT) mice. (B) Changes in body weight of DSS induced WT and KO mice without or with retinoic acid treated (relative to starting weight, set as 100%) is shown (n = 12). (C) The gross morphology of shortened colon was photograph and the colon length was measured at day 7 (n = 4-6). (D) The expression of LXN in colon tissue in WT mice treated with retinoic acid was determined by Western blot. (E) The expression of cytokines in colon tissues from DSS induced WT and KO mice treated with retinoic acid were determined by qPCR (n = 6). (F) Representative images of H&E-stained colons from DSS-induced WT and KO mice treated with retinoic acid are shown. Scale bars = 100 μm. The results shown are the mean ± SEM. A two-tailed unpaired t-test was used to compare experimental groups. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; n.s, no significant.