Table 1.
Concentration (mg kg−1, mean ± SD, n = 4) of essential and toxic elements in L. alatipes and O. tenax leaves (uncooked (UC) and cooked (C)).
| Laportea alatipes | Obetia tenax | DRI | L. alatipes | O. tenax | L. peduncularis | U. dioica | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UC | C | UC | C | RDAb (mg per day) | DVc (mg) | UC/C | UC/C | UC/C | UC/C | |
| (mg kg−1) | (mg per 60 g) | |||||||||
| Macro-elements | ||||||||||
| Ca | 34084 ± 1074ca | 12652 ± 1598a | 21999 ± 1618b | 21620 ± 636b | 1000–1300 | 1000 | 2045/759 | 1320/1297 | 1654/770 | 1899/871 |
| Fe | 57115 ± 6413c | 39196 ± 5376a | 112534 ± 9902d | 16807 ± 2035b | 8–18 | 18 | 3427/2352 | 6752/1008 | 78.7/60.6 | 12.5/19.1 |
| Mg | 12407 ± 432c | 2023 ± 212a | 10648 ± 544d | 4075 ± 155b | 240–400 | 400 | 744/121 | 639/245 | 420/142 | 371/136 |
| P | 1715 ± 108c | 1264 ± 112a | 1340 ± 74.6d | 1135 ± 153b | 1000 | |||||
| Micro-elements | ||||||||||
| Ba | 77.0 ± 5.22b | 57.7 ± 6.26a | 151 ± 7.41c | 88.1 ± 5.00b | ||||||
| Co | 1.74 ± 0.26a | 1.50 ± 0.19a | 6.64 ± 0.430c | 0.845 ± 0.118b | ||||||
| Cr | 12.1 ± 1.32b | 0.073 ± 0a | 87.7 ± 6.11c | 0.074 ± 0.001a | 0.02–0.035 | 0.120 | 0.726/0.004 | 5.26/0.004 | 0.186/0.407 | 0.063/0.1 |
| Cu | 19.1 ± 1.02b | 12.8 ± 0.59a | 23.9 ± 2.01c | 14.0 ± 0.86a | 0.7–0.9 | 2 | 1.15/0.768 | 1.43/0.840 | 1.38/0.382 | 1.05/0.97 |
| Mn | 260 ± 18.2c | 180 ± 24.9a | 206 ± 14.3a | 76.1 ± 3.34b | 1.6–2.3 | 2 | 15.6/10.8 | 12.4/4.57 | 91.3/10.5 | 1.53/2.93 |
| Ni | 11.8 ± 0.95b | 6.36 ± 1.39a | 15.8 ± 1.04c | 8.42 ± 1.19a | ND | 0.708/0.382 | 0.948/0.505 | 0.287/0.121 | 0.144/0.03 | |
| Zn | 60.7 ± 4.51c | 50.9 ± 4.31a | 34.3 ± 0.705b | 35.2 ± 2.06b | 8–11 | 15 | 3.64/3.05 | 2.06/2.11 | 2.25/1.51 | 1.9/1.6 |
| Toxic elements | ||||||||||
| Cd | 1.86 ± 0.207b | 0.810 ± 0.168a | 2.97 ± 0.177c | 0.780 ± 0.167a | ||||||
| Pb | 2.87 ± 0.250c | 1.88 ± 0.134a | 2.21 ± 0.128a | 0.795 ± 0.157b | ||||||
aValues in the same row with different letters are significantly different (Tukey’s post hoc comparison, p < 0.05), bIndicates recommended dietary allowance14, cIndicates daily values20, dResults of previous study10.
Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) (recommended dietary allowance (RDAs) and daily values (DVs)) and average concentration (in mg per 60 g, dry mass, n = 4)) of essential elements in nettles (L. alatipes, O. tenax, L. peduncularisd and U. dioicad).