Table 3.

Kinetic parameter values after non-linear fitting (pH = 4.0, V = 20 mL, W = 5.0 mg, C_i = 5–200 mg L⁻¹, time = 5-180 min, T = 293 K, stirring rate = 190 rpm).

Model	Parameter	Ci (mg L−1/ ppm)
		5	10	25	50	80	120	150	200
PFO	$Q_{\mathrm{e},\exp }$ (mg g−1)	19.89	39.47	97.77	194.05	230.15	249.82	259.30	270.14
	$Q_{\mathrm{e},\mathrm{cal}}$ (mg g−1)	19.24	37.75	93.83	187.36	224.32	243.28	252.56	261.72
	k1 (min−1)	0.1514	0.1168	0.090	0.0738	0.1038	0.1374	0.1430	0.1480
	R2	0.9077	0.8906	0.8920	0.9310	0.9542	0.9384	0.9108	0.8905
PSO	$Q_{\mathrm{e},\mathrm{cal}}$ (mg g−1)	20.48	40.86	103.01	208.45	244.78	260.01	269.27	278.55
	k2 × 10−4 (g mg−1 min−1)	111.10	39.50	11.70	4.59	5.64	7.80	7.98	8.08
	h (mg g−1 min−1)	4.66	6.59	12.42	19.94	33.79	52.73	57.86	62.85
	R2	0.9872	0.9830	0.9773	0.9875	0.9866	0.9978	0.9946	0.9893
Elovich	α (mg g−1 min−1)	58.62	37.51	48.08	60.14	142.18	498.95	635.99	782.76
	β (g mg−1)	0.3944	0.1676	0.0598	0.0272	0.0260	0.0294	0.0292	0.0290
	R2	0.9301	0.9601	0.9652	0.9642	0.9159	0.9248	0.9418	0.9470
IPD	kIPD,1 (mg g−1 min−0.5)	1.810	3.93	9.975	22.334	29.308	26.306	25.512	24.438
	C1 (mg g−1)	7.66	11.304	21.75	25.94	39.89	80.42	92.07	105.55
	$R_1^2$	0.7795	0.9405	0.9883	0.9431	0.7881	0.8909	0.9465	0.9468
	kIPD,2 (mg g−1 min−0.5)	0.665	1.744	5.466	11.985	8.778	7.173	7.448	8.256
	C2 (mg g−1)	13.62	22.83	46.27	81.35	147.19	182.06	189.10	192.13
	$R_2^2$	0.9969	0.9967	0.9879	0.9917	0.9984	0.9981	0.9955	0.9979
	kIPD,3 (mg g−1 min−0.5)	0.106	0.412	0.417	0.540	0.746	0.530	0.772	0.529
	C3 (mg g−1)	18.91	35.58	93.89	189.03	223.45	244.90	252.35	265.22
	$R_3^2$	0.9335	0.9986	0.9720	0.9636	0.9776	0.9582	0.7835	0.9582