Table 3.
Subgroup meta-analyses comparing stressor-cortisol concordance in psychosis spectrum and healthy control groups.
| Stressor-cortisol pairing | Datasets contributing to analysis | Healthy Controls | Psychosis Spectrum | HC vs. PS | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NES | r | (95% CI) | P for Q | I2 | NES | r | (95% CI) | P for Q | I2 | P | ||
| Childhood trauma & basal (morning) | Faravelli et al. (67); Labad et al. (70); Seidenfaden et al. (52) | 3 | -0.08 | (-0.22–0.06) | 0.93 | 0% | 3 | 0.13 | (-0.22–0.44) | 0.03 | 71% | 0.285 |
| Perceived stress & basal (morning) | Garner et al. (68); Labad et al. (70); Seidenfaden et al. (52) | 3 | -0.05 | (-0.26–0.16) | 0.73 | 0% | 4 | 0.07 | (-0.34–0.47) | 0.10 | 56% | 0.611 |
| Life events & CAR (AUCi) | Cullen et al. (2014); Labad et al. (70); Mondelli et al. (65); Nordholm et al. (51) | 4 | 0.09 | (-0.08–0.25) | 0.85 | 0% | 7 | 0.11 | (-0.13–0.33) | 0.96 | 0% | 0.872 |
| Perceived stress & CAR (AUCi) | Labad et al. (70); Mondelli et al. (65); Nordholm et al. (51) | 3 | -0.14 | (-0.34–0.07) | 0.36 | 0% | 5 | 0.12 | (-0.12–0.35) | 0.62 | 0% | 0.105 |
| Life events & diurnal (AUCg) | Cullen et al. (2014); Mondelli et al. (65); Nordholm et al. (51) | 3 | 0.25 | (0.01–0.46) | 0.23 | 29% | 5 | -0.28 | (-0.49–-0.04) | 0.47 | 0% | 0.002 |
| Perceived stress & diurnal (AUCg) | Mondelli et al. (65); Nordholm et al. (51); Seidenfaden et al. (52) | 3 | -0.03 | (-0.23–0.18) | 0.57 | 0% | 4 | -0.09 | (-0.35–0.18) | 0.25 | 34% | 0.698 |
CAR, cortisol awakening response; AUCi, area-under-the-curve with respect to increase; AUCg, area-under-the-curve with respect to ground; NES, total number of effect sizes included before within-study pooling; CI, confidence interval; P for Q, P value associated with Cochran’s Q; HC, healthy control; PS, psychosis spectrum.
Bold text indicates that the effect size comparison between HC and PS groups is statistically significant at P<0.05.