TABLE 1.
Baseline patients demographics, relevant comorbidities, anthropometric parameters, blood test parameters, and administered medications and comparisons according to the higher breathing support
| Variable | All patients (n = 132) | VM/HFNC (n = 68) | CPAP/NIMV (n = 38) | IMV (n = 26) | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 66.0 (55.0‐75.8) | 63 (52.0‐80.0) | 70 (56.8‐75.3) | 69 (60.5‐72.0) | .931 |
| Sex (female)b | 42 (31.8%) | 25 (36.8%) | 10 (26.3%) | 7 (26.9%) | .453 |
| Active smokerb | 12 (9.1%) | 6 (8.8%) | 2 (5.3%) | 4 (16.0%) | .348 |
| COPDb | 10 (7.5%) | 4 (5.9%) | 2 (5.3%) | 4 (15.5%) | .243 |
| Diabetesb | 33 (23.3%) | 14 (20.6%) | 13 (34.2%) | 6 (23.1%) | .290 |
| Hypertensionb | 55 (41.7%) | 23 (33.8%) | 17 (44.7%) | 15 (57.7%) | .099 |
| Heart diseaseb | 24 (18.2%) | 15 (22.1%) | 6 (15.8%) | 3 (11.5%) | .448 |
| Charlson indexa , c | 3.0 (1.0‐5.0) | 2.0 (1.0‐5.0) | 3.0 (2.0‐5.0) | 3.0 (2.0‐5.0) | .298 |
| Body mass indexa | 25.7 (23.6‐27.8) | 25.3 (23.5‐27.6) | 25.7 (22.8‐28.5) | 26.3 (24.6‐27.7) | .434 |
| Neck circumferencea (cm) | 40.0 (37.0‐42.8) | 39.0 (36.3‐41.0) | 40.0 (37.0‐42.3) | 43.5 (41.0‐46.0) | <.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL)a , c | 3.5 (3.1‐3.8) | 3.7 (3.3‐4.0) | 3.4 (3.1‐3.8) | 3.2 (2.6‐3.7) | .005 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/L)a | 17.0 (4.3‐91.8) | 6.3 (1.7‐35.0) | 29.0 (10.3‐107.3) | 59.0 (13.0‐165.0) | <.001 |
| D‐dimer (μg/mL)a , c | 0.8 (0.5‐1.6) | 0.8 (0.4‐1.3) | 0.8 (0.5‐1.8) | 1.0 (0.7‐1.9) | .135 |
| White BC (103/uL)a | 5.66 (4.29‐8.12) | 6.47 (4.32‐8.12) | 5.28 (3.89‐7.66) | 5.54 (4.33‐8.72) | .470 |
| Neutrophils (103/uL)a | 3.94 (2.76‐5.75) | 3.92 (2.78‐5.89) | 3.86 (2.29‐5.60) | 3.94 (3.06‐7.18) | .598 |
| Monocytes (103/uL)a | 0.42 (0.25‐0.56) | 0.47 (0.35‐0.63) | 0.41 (0.24‐0.53) | 0.29 (0.23‐0.41) | .002 |
| Lymphocytes (103/uL)a | 0.89 (0.59‐1.22) | 0.91 (0.67‐1.34) | 0.97 (0.53‐1.23) | 0.85 (0.55‐1.14) | .576 |
| Eosinophils (103/uL)a | 0.00 (0.00‐0.02) | 0.00 (0.00‐0.03) | 0.00 (0.00‐0.01) | 0.00 (0.00‐0.01) | .025 |
| Thrombocytes (103/uL)a | 180.5 (148.3‐258.0) | 180.0 (148.0‐261.0) | 182.5 (157.8‐260.0) | 184.0 (135.0‐247.8) | .793 |
| ACE inhibitorsb | 13 (9.8%) | 8 (11.8%) | 4 (10.5%) | 1 (3.8%) | .508 |
| Amiodaroneb | 5 (3.8%) | 2 (2.9%) | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (3.8%) | .835 |
| Azithromycinb | 58 (43.9%) | 29 (42.6%) | 20 (52.6%) | 9 (34.6%) | .345 |
| Hydroxychloroquineb | 120 (90.9%) | 63 (92.6%) | 31 (81.6%) | 26 (100%) | .033 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavirb | 58 (43.9%) | 32 (47.1%) | 13 (34.2%) | 13 (50.0%) | .347 |
| Sartanb | 12 (9.1%) | 3 (4.4%) | 4 (10.5%) | 5 (19.2%) | .077 |
| Steroidsb | 90 (68.2%) | 34 (50.0%) | 37 (97.4%) | 19 (73.1%) | 0.001 |
| Tocilizumabb | 22 (16.7%) | 8 (11.8%) | 6 (15.8%) | 8 (30.8%) | .085 |
Note: Significance of bold values are P < 0.05.
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; BC, blood cells; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; NIMV, non‐invasive mechanical ventilation; VM/HFNC, Venturi mask/high‐flow nasal cannula.
a
Median (interquartile range).
b
Number (percentage).
c
n = 130.