Table 1.
Patients’ baseline characteristics before initiation of FPV and treatment outcome
| Age | Sex | BMI | Time after COVID‐19 diagnosis/Hospitalization/ICU admission (days) a | Comorbidities | Other drugs for COVID‐19 | AST (IU) | ALT (IU) | SCr (mg/dL) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient 1 | 78 | Female | 25.1 | 7/7/6 | Chronic subdural hematoma, uterine fibroid | Ciclesonide inhaler | 34 | 30 | 0.48 |
| Patient 2 | 75 | Male | NE | 7/8/8 | Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, gout | Ciclesonide inhaler | 41 | 37 | 0.92 |
| Patient 3 | 75 | Female | NE | 10/9/9 | Parkinson’s disease, hypertension | Ciclesonide inhaler | 58 | 51 | 1.26 |
| Patient 4 | 76 | Male | 19.0 | 6/2/−1 | Hypertension, prostate cancer, primary biliary cholangitis | – | 65 | 30 | 0.52 |
| Patient 5 | 66 | Male | 27.6 | 1/0/−1 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | – | 91 | 53 | 1.22 |
| Patient 6 | 41 | Male | 29.9 | 0/1/1 | – | – | 85 | 69 | 1.01 |
| Patient 7 | 66 | Male | NE | 0/0/0 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia | – | 64 | 19 | 1.47 |
| Clinical status after starting FPV with body temperature and PaO2/FiO2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 | Day 5 | Day 7 | Day 14 |
| 6 (37.4°C, 150) b | 6 (37.7°C, 169) | 6 (37.1°C, 193) | 6 (37.7°C, 231) | 4 (37.7°C, 299) | 4 (36.9°C, 254) | 3 (36.7°C, NE) |
| 6 (38.0°C, 171) | 6 (37.9°C, 166) | 6 (37.0°C, 164) | 6 (37.4°C, 175) | 6 (38.4°C, 210) | 6 (38.5°C, 201) | 6 (37.6°C, 277) |
| 6 (39.0°C, 134) | 6 (38.7°C, 156) | 6 (39.2°C, 178) | 6 (38.9°C, 169) | 6 (38.1°C, 154) | 6 (37.7°C, 150) | 6 (36.8°C, 150) |
| 4 (39.5°C, 143) | 6 (38.9°C, 190) | 6 (38.5°C, 227) | 6 (38.6°C, 214) | 6 (39.2°C, 196) | 6 (38.5°C, 264) | 3 (36.6°C, NE) |
| 4 (39.2°C, 115) | 6 (39.3°C, 152) | 6 (39.7°C, 140) | 6 (38.7°C, 178) | 6 (39.0°C, 235) | 6 (39.7°C, 113) | 6 (38.4°C, 198) |
| 6 (38.6°C, 89) | 6 (38.2°C, 210) | 6 (38.9°C, 134) | 6 (39.5°C, 74) | 6 (39.8°C, 77) | 6 (38.6°C, 124) | 4 (37.4°C, 214) |
| 6 (38.8°C, 113) | 6 (39.8°C, 130) | 6 (39.2°C, 99) | 6 (38.2°C, 124) | 6 (38.3°C, 109) | 6 (38.0°C, 106) | 6 (40.0°C, 232) |
Clinical status (seven‐category ordinal scale); (1) non‐hospitalization, no limitation of activities; (2) non‐hospitalization, limitation of activities; (3) hospitalization, not‐required oxygen; (4) hospitalization, required oxygen by mask or nasal prongs; (5) hospitalization, required noninvasive ventilation and/or high‐flow oxygen; (6) hospitalization, required oxygen (invasive) and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; and (7) death.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; COVID‐19, coronavirus disease 2019; FPV, favipiravir; NE, not evaluated; SCr, serum creatinine.
Days from COVID‐19 diagnosis, Hospitalization, or admission to intensive care unit up to FPV initiation.
Best score of clinical status (highest body temperature, lowest PaO2/FiO2) at each day.