TABLE 1.
COVID‐19 autopsies with neuropathological analysis
| Reference | Anatomical Areas | Macroscopic Analysis | Microscopic Analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain) | Gliosis | Microgliosis | Electron Microscopy | ||||||
| Intracellular Virus | Cytoplasmic Vacuoles | Inclusions | Inflammatory Signs | ||||||
| Liu et al 5 | ND; external macroscopic study | Cerebral atrophy and stroke | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Ding et al 6 | ND; external macroscopic study | Neurodegeneration | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Paniz‐Mondolfi et al 3 | Frontal lobe brain | ND | ND | ND | ND | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
|
Wichmann et al 7 |
ND; external macroscopic study | 2/12 patients; cerebral sclerosis only macroscopic analysis | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Menter 8 |
ND |
Analysis of the brain revealed 3 of 4 brains examined showed mild hypoxic injury | Yes; no evidence of inflammatory infiltrates or neuronal necrosis. | No | No | ND | ND | ND | N |
|
Bulfamante et al 4 |
Olfactory nerve, gyrus rectus, brainstem (medulla oblongata) | ND | Widespread tissue damage involving the neurons, glia, nerve axons, and myelin sheath | ND | ND | Yes | Yes | No | No |
The anatomopathological parameters used in the histological analysis are shown in the supplementary material.
COVID‐19, Coronavirus Disease‐2019; ND, not determined or not described.