Figure 7.

Overexpression of TRIF, MAVS, or TBK1 induces ACE2 expression. TRIF and MAVS are the essential adaptors of Toll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) and RIG‐I/MDA‐5, respectively. TBK1 is an crucial activator of TLR3 and RIG‐I/MDA‐5 pathways downstream of TRIF and MAVS. HEK293 cells were cultured in 24‐well plates. After 24 hours, the plasmids indicated above were transfected into HEK293T cells. Thirty‐six hours after transfection, total RNA was isolated for subsequent RT‐qPCR analysis. The graphs show the means ± SD (n = 3). The results in each panel are representative of three independent experiments. ACE2, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2; RT‐qPCR, reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction