Table 1.

Major Classes of Medications Used in the Treatment of JIA

Class of Medication	Description	Examples
Glucocorticoids [80]	-Potent anti-inflammatories-Administered by PO, IV, or IA routes -Used short-term/as bridging therapy -IA can be definitive treatment of oligo-JIA	-Prednisone-Prednisolone -Methylprednisolone -Triamcinolone (hex)acetonide
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs [23]	-Oral medications used as monotherapy in mild disease -Often taken in conjunction with other medications	-Naproxen -Meloxicam -Indomethacin -Celecoxib
Conventional Synthetic DMARDs [23] [81]	-Widely used class of JIA medications -Slow-acting -Toxicity often associated with intolerance	-Methotrexate -Sulfasalazine -Leflunomide
Biologic DMARDs [82]	-Targeted parenteral drugs used to treat patients with more severe or refractory JIA	-Etanercept -Adalimumab -Tocilizumab -Abatacept
Targeted Synthetic DMARDs [83] [84] [85]	-Newer class of targeted, oral drugs -Little known about efficacy and safety in JIA to date	-Tofacitinib -Baricitinib

DMARD disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, IA intraarticular, IV intravenous, JIA juvenile idiopathic arthritis, oligo-JIA oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, PO oral