Table 1.
Demographic Data of Enrolled Patients
| Total (n = 40) | Control (n = 18) | OSAS Only (n = 9) | Obese and OSAS (n = 13) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SEM) (y) | 7.4 (0.4) | 8.3 (0.5) | 6.0 (0.6) | 7.0 (0.7) | .022 |
| Sex (%) | .840 | ||||
| Male | 26 (63.4) | 11 (61.1) | 5 (55.6) | 9 (69.2) | |
| Female | 15 (39.6) | 7 (38.9) | 4 (44.4) | 4 (30.7) | |
| Race (%) | .004 | ||||
| Caucasian | 19 (46.3) | 13 (72.2) | 2 (22.2) | 4 (30.8) | |
| Black/African American | 16 (39.0) | 3 (16.6) | 3 (33.3) | 9 (69.2) | |
| Asian | 2 (4.9) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (11.2) | 0 | |
| Other | 4 (9.8) | 1 (5.6) | 3 (33.3) | 0 | |
| Weight, mean (SEM) (kg) | 30.8 (2.6) | 27.3 (2.1) | 20.4 (1.1) | 42.9 (6.2) | <.001 |
| Morphine dose, mean (SEM), actual (mg/kg)a | 0.05 (0.002) | 0.05 (0.001) | 0.05 (0.001) | 0.04 (0.005) | .003 |
| Surgical procedure (%) | <.001 | ||||
| ENT (AT, SML/bronchoscopy) | 21 (51.2) | 0 | 8 (88.9) | 13 (100) | |
| General surgery (hernia, laparoscopy) | 3 (7.3) | 3 (16.7) | 0 | 0 | |
| Genitourinary (bladder extrophy) | 14 (34.2) | 13 (72.2) | 1 (11.1) | 0 | |
| Orthopedic (arthroscopy)b | 3 (7.3) | 2 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | |
| Anesthesia duration, mean (SD) (min) | 230.3 (243) | 426.4 (253.0)c | 59.4 (9.3) | 80.5 (44.5) | .001 |
Measures of association between groups were calculated using Fisher exact test for categorical and binomial variables. Pairwise comparisons were calculated by Kruskal-Wallis χ2 analysis for continuous variables.
Abbreviations: AT, adenotonsillectomy; ENT, ear/nose/throat; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; SD, standard deviation; SEM, standard error of the mean; SML, suspension microlaryngoscopy.
Actual mg/kg dosing for morphine reflects the dose the patients received if one were to administer morphine on a mg/kg basis based on their actual body weight.
Patients undergoing surgery who required blood product transfusion, including spinal fusion, were not enrolled.
Patients in the control group underwent short procedures including ENT procedures (mean anesthesia duration 73.1 minutes, SD = 36.1), as well as long procedures including bladder extrophy repair (mean anesthesia duration = 458.6 minutes, SD = 259.9).